Gholamreza Latifi
Gholamreza Latifi
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Aliakbar Salaripour; Arman Hamidi; Alieh Faridi Foshtomi,; Amir Hosein Nourbakhsh
Abstract
The current research is descriptive-quantitative. In order to collect information with the aim of measuring the impact of the degree of attachment to the city as well as the individual characteristics of the citizens on the occurrence of pro-environmental behaviors among the citizens, a number of 402 ...
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The current research is descriptive-quantitative. In order to collect information with the aim of measuring the impact of the degree of attachment to the city as well as the individual characteristics of the citizens on the occurrence of pro-environmental behaviors among the citizens, a number of 402 questionnaires were completed by the residents of Rasht city. The data obtained from the questionnaires were quantitatively entered into the SPSS software and then modeling and analysis of the findings were done using the Smart PLS3 software. The results of the research showed that, contrary to expectations, there is no effective relationship between the indicators of individual attachment to the place, place of birth, length of residence and level of education on the environmental protection behaviors of citizens; But on the other hand, the modeling results showed that in the first step, the environmental protection behaviors of the citizens have the most connection and effectiveness with the social attachment of the citizens to the place or the city, and there is a significant link between these two variables, so this variable It can be an important factor in the formation and direction of citizens' minds in order to support the environment of their city. Then, in the next step, a number of individual characteristics of citizens, including age and marital status, also affect the environmental protection behaviors of citizens, and there is a direct relationship between them.
sahar safari; seyyed yaqoub mousavi
Abstract
The present research studies the effects of overgrowth of urbanism on the sense of belonging to the residence block. In this research, the concept of urbanism has been studied by emphasize on Louis Wirth’s theory of Urbanism, theories of Chicago School, Milan and Chavis’s Sense of Community ...
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The present research studies the effects of overgrowth of urbanism on the sense of belonging to the residence block. In this research, the concept of urbanism has been studied by emphasize on Louis Wirth’s theory of Urbanism, theories of Chicago School, Milan and Chavis’s Sense of Community theory, Place Identity theory of Ralph and Raoulz and Kasadra and Janowitz ‘s Systemic Theory. The sense of belonging to place as a dependent variable consists of objective, subjective, cognitive and emotional dimensions. Districts 2, 13 and 22 of Tehran City were selected at random from the 22 districts of Tehran as statistical population of the research. The methodology of the research is survey by using questionnaire technique. The data was collected from 391 individuals in +20 years old defined as statistical population. Ultimately, the collected data was studied by using Correlation Coefficient Analysis, Variance Analysis Test and Multi-variable Regression Analysis. Some of the most important results obtained from correlation among variables indicate negative and significant correlation between urban life style, inclination to practice expanded relations in the city and attachment to urban places, with sense of belonging to place. In addition, positive and significant correlation was found between length of residence, ownership type of residential house and sense of belonging to the place. In the meantime, a significant relationship was found between the variables of age and income of the individuals’ subject of study and their sense of belonging to their residence place.
Ali Khaksari; Mitra Azimi; Edris Khaki
Abstract
Following the inclusion of new paradigms in urban planning, land use mixing has been identified as an important step towards achieving urban sustainable development goals. Given the many benefits of incorporating land use in an urban area, including reduced travel production rates, experts are trying ...
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Following the inclusion of new paradigms in urban planning, land use mixing has been identified as an important step towards achieving urban sustainable development goals. Given the many benefits of incorporating land use in an urban area, including reduced travel production rates, experts are trying to evaluate land use mixing in a variety of ways and as a central component in urban planning of taking advantage of it. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the benefits and impact of land use mixing on trip production in Baneh, Districts 5 and 6. This research is an applied and quantitative research. The research data is obtained through survey and questionnaire distribution as well as field surveys. Physically, the main difference between the two is the degree of mixing of land uses. Therefore, assessing the suitability of mixing these two neighborhoods can be a good guide for urban planning in Baneh. The results show that the mixing of land uses in neighborhood 6 is more than neighborhood 5 and consequently the production of travel within neighborhoods of area 6 is more than area 5. Also, the rate of out-of-district trip production in neighborhood 5 with less user mixing was higher than the rate of out-of-district neighborhood 6 in terms of mixed use. Therefore, the main focus of planning in Neighborhood 5 should be to increase land mixing, and in Neighborhood 6, maintaining and enhancing land mix quality should be considered.
Mohsen Sadeghi Amini; Gholamreza Latifi; Jafar Hezarjaribi; Abootorab Talebi
Abstract
One of the most important goals of detailed plans is to provide standard per capita municipal services to meet the needs of citizens. Feasibility of these plans is to adapt to the context in which an Islamic society demands its requirements. In Islam, the answer to human beings' material and metamaterial ...
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One of the most important goals of detailed plans is to provide standard per capita municipal services to meet the needs of citizens. Feasibility of these plans is to adapt to the context in which an Islamic society demands its requirements. In Islam, the answer to human beings' material and metamaterial needs is considered and the city should facilitate the way. Suppose the provision of human spiritual needs and material needs is considered. In that case, it is important to provide the per capita bodies corresponding to this need (such as religious land use). This study evaluates the detailed plan of the holy city of Qom from this perspective, while providing a model for the pathology of the spatial distribution of the religious per capita of cities, where the deficiency of various qualitative and quantitative researches on the religious per capita of cities is quite noticeable. The research was descriptive-analytical in which the data were collected by documentary method and field observation. Finally, the spatial data (GIS) obtained from the field survey of the researcher were analyzed. The results indicate that the per capita lack of religious land use in the urban neighborhoods is proven in Qom. The detailed plan puts about 7% of the religious uses of the neighborhoods in widening the passages. Lack of standard distribution of religious spaces has led to deviations of at least 34% to 68% from the goals.
Mohammadtaghi Razavian; Hamed Ghadermarzi; Mehdi Alian; Ramin Cheraghi
Abstract
Since the early decades of the 90th century the use of measuringindicators and evaluating the performance of programs and projects ofgovernment agencies have been rebounded and also urban management isnot deprived of this wave. Urban management by shaping and managingspace, attempts to raise the citizen’s ...
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Since the early decades of the 90th century the use of measuringindicators and evaluating the performance of programs and projects ofgovernment agencies have been rebounded and also urban management isnot deprived of this wave. Urban management by shaping and managingspace, attempts to raise the citizen’s welfare and achieving sustainabledevelopment in neighborhoods, therefore performance assessment, becomesone of the basic principle management tools for achieving the goals,strategies and programs and a way to evaluate people’s satisfaction.
setareh tazehdel; Ismaeil Shieh; seyed moslem seyedalhosseini; Kiomars Habibi
Abstract
This article has been done with the aim of achieving an appropriate model of integrated management in the metropolitan area of Mashhad, taking into account the position of all actors. The research method of the article is a qualitative method of content content analysis and semi-structured interview ...
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This article has been done with the aim of achieving an appropriate model of integrated management in the metropolitan area of Mashhad, taking into account the position of all actors. The research method of the article is a qualitative method of content content analysis and semi-structured interview has been used. The statistical community is considered experts and specialists in the field of urban management. Sampling used a combination of two standard methods and snowball. The method of analyzing the interview data was also interpretive and Atlas-ti.7 software was used. Findings indicate that the metropolitan area of Mashhad consists of four cities of Mashhad, Chenaran, Fariman and Binalood, which are managed separately. The actors of the management structure were identified in three sections: public, public and private. It is proposed to form an integrated institution of mother city management that dominates the whole area. This body consists of the mother city council, which is responsible for legislating and preparing the plan. Council members are a combination of representatives of all actors who are involved in the management of the constituency through legislation and the election of a director.
Mohammad Javad Moghiseh; Hassan Ahmadi; Milad Homafar
Abstract
Development based on competitive advantage is one of the new methods of regional planning that increases economic productivity and improves the quality of life at the regional level. One of the approaches to developing regional competitiveness programs is the theory of complementary centers, in which ...
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Development based on competitive advantage is one of the new methods of regional planning that increases economic productivity and improves the quality of life at the regional level. One of the approaches to developing regional competitiveness programs is the theory of complementary centers, in which two or more cities are planned collectively based on their complementary potential to move towards development. Therefore, the current research with the primary goal of developing a framework for creating a competitive urban network at the regional scale seeks to find indicators that are effective on urban competitiveness in Mazandaran province and is trying to reach a general framework for creating a competitive urban network at the level of the area by benefiting from the obtained indicators. This research is quantitative and classified in the applied research group in terms of method. The hierarchical analysis method and Delphi technique are used to analyze the effect of factors affecting urban competitiveness at the regional scale. The share change model is used to analyze the competitive advantage of each city. Finally, using the SWOT analytical method, different towns' roles in the province are verified in homogeneous areas. Five cities play an agricultural function, eight cities play a service role, and nine play an industrial role as the prominent of their development to reach a complementary network at the regional scale.
Sanaz Saeedi; Mehdi Asiaei
Abstract
One of the most important ways to deal with flood risk is to zoning the flood potential. The present study was conducted with the aim of zoning the risk of floods in Sabzevar with emphasis on urban and rural areas in 2020. This research was of applied type, and fuzzy logic, hierarchical analysis ...
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One of the most important ways to deal with flood risk is to zoning the flood potential. The present study was conducted with the aim of zoning the risk of floods in Sabzevar with emphasis on urban and rural areas in 2020. This research was of applied type, and fuzzy logic, hierarchical analysis and GIS were used. In this study. Eight criteria of slope, distance from river, altitude, geology, land use, rainfall, drainage density and vegetation have been studied. In order to zone the risk of floods in Sabzevar, based on the above criteria, first the layers are rasterized and then the layers are obtained using fuzzy, fuzzy membership functions and finally fuzzy maps. Then, with the help of Excel software, the process of pairwise comparison of criteria with each other and then the final weight of the criteria are combined with fuzzy layers, and finally the obtained maps are matched with fuzzy operators and the zoning map is extracted. The results of this study showed that the effective variables in causing floods in the region include slope with a weight coefficient of 0.340 and precipitation with a coefficient of 0.184. Of course, vegetation variable with a coefficient of 0.020 has the least impact in the region. According to the flood risk classification map, Sabzevar as the most important population center of the city is in low risk zone. In terms of rural settlements, most of the settlements of this city are in very low, low and medium risk zone.
Sahar Nedae Tousi; Ramina Jahanbakhsh Javid
Abstract
With the change in wealth creation in the new era, attracting the creative class is very important and reveals the need to address the creative city approach in the world's metropolises, including Tehran. The goal of this study was to assess the objective and subjective of the Tehran metropolis from ...
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With the change in wealth creation in the new era, attracting the creative class is very important and reveals the need to address the creative city approach in the world's metropolises, including Tehran. The goal of this study was to assess the objective and subjective of the Tehran metropolis from the perspective of the creative city, emphasizing on the mentality and importance of public knowledge and to provide planning solutions as a creative city. This research uses mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) and tries to compile the integrated index of the creative city by proposing an appropriate conceptual model to the conditions of Tehran to assess the situation. The conceptual model of the study consists of 26 criteria and 66 indicators. The results show that Tehran is not in a good position in the world rankings. the twelve criteria studied in the subjective assessment by interviewing the target groups, the institutional and structural capital, entrepreneurship and investment and smart infrastructure indicators, had a score of less than 40%. The human capital, creative capital and competitiveness indicators are also components that have scored above average in subjective evaluations. The results of this study could be a roadmap for planning Tehran metropolis to reach the creative city principles.
Seyed Tajedin Mansoori; Ismaeil Zarghami
Abstract
How to navigate the premises of residential complexes is an important issue for the architectural design of such spaces. The path that creates the axis of vision and readability for human beings can be the optimal path. The purpose of this study is to investigate the formal structure of routing in the ...
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How to navigate the premises of residential complexes is an important issue for the architectural design of such spaces. The path that creates the axis of vision and readability for human beings can be the optimal path. The purpose of this study is to investigate the formal structure of routing in the space of residential complexes based on the theory of space syntax. In this research, a structural description of human environmental behavior based on the theoretical foundations of space syntax is presented. Also, using Depthmap X 0.50 software and by extracting graph-based methods, people's perception and interpretation of routing in the residential complex area is explained. Findings show that three types of network-based circulation, curved and linear in the design of residential complexes that human behavior according to individual and collective goals and interests, can choose one of these routes to cross. Also, according to the results, routing in a linear rotation path is the easiest way to perceive space. Network routing is also the most difficult route for people to navigate due to its lower readability. Curved routing also has good readability due to its shorter spatial depth. In general, the findings in this study showed that routing has a significant relationship with the depth of space and the visual axis of people.
Reza Kheiroddin; Alireza Salahimoghadam
Abstract
Along with the evolution of the empowerment approach and the expansion of community-based policies, the development of local communities and informal settlements has shifted to asset-based rather than the need-based approach. The community development according to this approaches which is known ...
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Along with the evolution of the empowerment approach and the expansion of community-based policies, the development of local communities and informal settlements has shifted to asset-based rather than the need-based approach. The community development according to this approaches which is known as “Asset Based Community Development” (ABCD), mostly focuses on the assets and capabilities of the community, including physical, social and economic resources. This is to get people out of the cycle of poverty and need and to promote their human and social dignity.Informal settlements, despite the dominant view about their problems and anomalies, are home to a section of society who do not have enough power and courage to join the city's socio-economic body. Farahzad, one of the Tehran’s informal neighborhood was selected as a case of study and we intend to explore the underlying asset development policy for organizing informal settlements. The methodology of this study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and it can be put in the category of descriptive-analytical researches. 93 households were selected as the sample and statistical analysis including acceptable test were applied. This study showed that the social capital can be considered as of the important assets in Farahzad neighborhood. This advantageous asset can be better addressed by these factors: sense of belonging, social cohesion, participation and collective action. The networks of community relations were also evaluated and analyzed, which evidenced the stronger inter-ethnic relations than inter-ethnics, as well as the strong connections of the NGO’s with ethnicity.
Reza Mostofi; Tahereh Erfanmanesh; amir saberi; Mohammad Reza Akbari
Abstract
In most cases, distressed areas of Iran cities make up the core and main districts of cities. On one hand, they are considered as cultural and historical heritages of those cities, therefore; it is necessary to retaining physical rehabilitation and empowerment of their performance. On the other hand, ...
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In most cases, distressed areas of Iran cities make up the core and main districts of cities. On one hand, they are considered as cultural and historical heritages of those cities, therefore; it is necessary to retaining physical rehabilitation and empowerment of their performance. On the other hand, with the passage of time and as a result of lacking proper maintenance, most of the tissues suffer from exhaustion and collapse of their physical and functional. Along with social, economic and cultural changes and new technologies, urban tissues have also been changed since the city like other synthetic man-made phenomena will change over time. Iran's most ancient and densely populated cities have such a preparing vulnerability layer (map) for each index, final social vulnerability map is outlined created by overlapping layers in GIS. Also using TOPSIS Technique, five areas under the study have been ranked based on social vulnerability. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between physical vulnerability and social vulnerability in the study area. Further in unit district analysis, the area 3 has the most social vulnerability to earthquake and the others are ranked 5,4,1,2 respectively.
Sayedeh Somayeh Hosseini; Massoud Taghvaei
Abstract
Many governments around the world are highly interested in the expansion of medical tourism industry as a national strategic industry, and as one form of health services trade and try to plan for it. Considering Iran’s capabilities in this industry, the present research aimed to compile/develop ...
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Many governments around the world are highly interested in the expansion of medical tourism industry as a national strategic industry, and as one form of health services trade and try to plan for it. Considering Iran’s capabilities in this industry, the present research aimed to compile/develop and prioritize the strategies of medical tourism development of health region No.2 taking the approach of service integration towards the development of health villages. In the first phase, the data were gathered from a number of key experts by using documentary- analysis method (content analysis approach), interview and survey. Data analysis was done by using MAXQDA-18 software. In the second phase, the data obtained from the previous phase was examined by SWOT technique. Thereafter, by combining two techniques of SWOT and fuzzy DEMATEL towards research objectives, different types of strategies were determined and prioritized by AHP technique. Statistical population under study in the evaluation and prioritization phase included 20 subjects/participants selected from the health tourism experts of Azerbaijan Region. The results obtained from the integration of multi-criteria decision-making techniques and SWOT model revealed that offensive strategies (SO), review (revision) strategies (WO), defensive strategies (WT) and diversity strategies ranked first to fourth in terms of priority.
Mehran Alalhesabi; Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour; Mostafa Hosseini Koumleh
Abstract
The method of choosing the PhD research topic in Iranian interdisciplinary sciences has always been one of the concerns of researchers. Today, the research problems have been resulted from a confusing choice and the topic choice is made mainly by a translational look at the scholarly literature of the ...
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The method of choosing the PhD research topic in Iranian interdisciplinary sciences has always been one of the concerns of researchers. Today, the research problems have been resulted from a confusing choice and the topic choice is made mainly by a translational look at the scholarly literature of the other contexts. So, the dialectic of the universal and the particular of research (acquiring global knowledge and then localizing it) have been neglected and the adoption of a methodological basis that can confirm indigenous originality of the research, is overlooked. This study aims at explaining the process of exploring the PhD research topic in Iranian context by adopting a problem-based approach. A five-step methodological framework in defining the PhD research title has been proposed and the proposed model has been used in the case of selecting the topic of Urban Planning PhD research around the general topic of "collective memory".According to the process presented in the paper, research title formulation should pass through the five stages including "Finding the research-worthy problems based on the four-step process (look, read, synthesize and seek feedback)", "Introducing the problems and outlining the concise proposals concerning them", "Evaluating and choosing 2/3 subjects meeting the quadruple criteria (clarity of research questions, research originality and importance, contribution to the knowledge, have a sense of belonging to the subject)", "Seeking key questions by the “method of making conceptual linkage between questions/ concepts”" and "Finally choosing the subject and formulating the research title after an integral synthesis".
Mohammad Kazemi; Aliyeh Kazemi
Abstract
The thermal comfort analysis models specify the acceptable thermal condition such as temperature, humidity, and air movement. Personal, measurable environmental, and psychological factors affect thermal comfort. Psychological factors are often overlooked because they are difficult to quantify. These ...
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The thermal comfort analysis models specify the acceptable thermal condition such as temperature, humidity, and air movement. Personal, measurable environmental, and psychological factors affect thermal comfort. Psychological factors are often overlooked because they are difficult to quantify. These factors based on different hypotheses such as the hue-heat hypothesis affect the human perception of thermal comfort. The hue-heat hypothesis indicates the relationship between warm and cool colours and subjective evaluation of thermal comfort. This paper used a questionnaire (Actual Sensation Vote) to examine the association between these factors and thermal sensation, humidity sensation, and draught sensation. Totally 65 volunteers from commercial buildings in district 2 of Tehran answered the questionnaires. Cronbach’s alpha is calculated and showed the consistent reliability of the questionnaires. Results indicated that in winter, thermal sensation votes increase in hot spaces (warm colour and low lighting colour temperature) compared to two other spaces. Likewise, in summer, thermal sensation votes decrease in cold spaces (cool colour and high lighting colour temperature) compared to two other spaces. In addition, results clarified that discomfort sensation in the head, neck, and chest is more than in other parts of our bodies. Therefore, regarding thermal comfort, hot spaces are better in winter, and cold spaces are better in summer.
Mahmood Rezaei
Abstract
Fewer scholars have dealt with the trends of urban plans in Tehran during recent years. This article aims to obtain a general view of urban thinkers on the most significant and successful urban design projects which have been implemented in Tehran from 1980 to 2015. The main question seeks how ...
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Fewer scholars have dealt with the trends of urban plans in Tehran during recent years. This article aims to obtain a general view of urban thinkers on the most significant and successful urban design projects which have been implemented in Tehran from 1980 to 2015. The main question seeks how professionals categorize and evaluate these projects. To this end, the Delphi method was applied, and five groups of urban experts consisting of 40 members professional in urban sociology, urban design, urban planning, urban management, and architecture, took part. In addition, opinions of mayors, municipalities, city councilors, and consulting engineers for each Tehran district have been taken into the account. Based on the panel view and compared to the literature review, the paper has categorized Tehran’s selected urban designs into four categories including urban frameworks, transportation plans, urban architectures, and public open spaces. It reveals the projects which have not been selected by the panelists contain important categories for Tehran and vary from urban furniture to energy-efficient scales. However, the number of successful projects has grown and especially the peak belongs to public open spaces and urban architectures during the last five years. Based on the current trends, this study suggests that the urban design projects in Tehran in the near future must shift toward projects with participatory and ecological approaches, healthy city studies, focusing on the improvement of distressed urban fabrics and providing housing projects.
Keramatilah Ziyari; Melika Nezami; Ahmad Pourahmad
Abstract
Third places become one of the places of their lives by creating social equality by leveling the environmental conditions and creating a popular atmosphere, creating common habits and offering psychological support to individuals. The purpose of this study was to explain the concept of the formation ...
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Third places become one of the places of their lives by creating social equality by leveling the environmental conditions and creating a popular atmosphere, creating common habits and offering psychological support to individuals. The purpose of this study was to explain the concept of the formation of the third place in the form of urban open-air cafes and the importance of socialization in the urban fabric. The present study is analytical-descriptive and in terms of aim is evaluative and ultimately applied. The method of data collection is library and survey. In In the present study, after explaining the conceptual framework and using research tools including observation and presence, first a number of questionnaires with a number of specific items, researcher-made in the form of Likert spectrum according to the average population of Tehran Region 2, and to evaluate some of them. The variables were distributed by simple and non-probabilistic random sampling method and analyzed using SPSS software. According to these findings, the studied cafes have a situation in cases where variables such as social interactions in their three forms in the first place and also the qualities of aesthetics, flexibility of space, access and services in the second place have received high scores. It was more appropriate and also when variables such as dynamics, activity and comfort were moderate, variables such as climate and protection had the greatest impact.
Mojtaba Rafieian; Delaram Shojaee
Abstract
Social sustainability to respond to the cities’ social problems and issues and as an efficient dimension in achieving sustainable urban development is a discourse that urban researchers have highly regarded in the last two decades, and researchers have looked at it with different dimensions ...
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Social sustainability to respond to the cities’ social problems and issues and as an efficient dimension in achieving sustainable urban development is a discourse that urban researchers have highly regarded in the last two decades, and researchers have looked at it with different dimensions of the urban built environment. The critical issue is the lack of comprehensive and systematic research in urban built environments, policies and plans. Therefore, the purpose of this study is a meta-synthesis review of selected sources to clarify the dimensions of social sustainability in these areas. Four categories of urban form, policies and plans, dimensions and features and the main areas of social sustainability have been identified by data coding using the MAXQDA software to achieve this goal. By understanding and explaining the stated categories, the results of the studies are presented in a framework of social sustainability, including conceptualization, policy-making and action in the urban built environment. Each dimension enters democracy-based, participation-based, and ideology-based discourses in a more remarkable synthesis. A deep understanding of the results provides a basis for future studies to conduct further studies in each proposed discourse and link them more effectively to social sustainability.
Keywords: Social Sustainability, Built Environment, Democracy, Ideology, Participation.
Introduction
Social sustainability to respond to the cities’ social problems and issues and as an efficient dimension in achieving sustainable urban development is a discourse that urban researchers have highly regarded in the last two decades. In general, despite the recent attention to social dimensions, social sustainability is still under theorization and has been less discussed in urban built environments. The critical issue is the lack of comprehensive and systematic research in urban built environments, policies and plans. Due to the multifaceted nature of social sustainability in these areas, studying these studies from different levels and degrees is necessary. What will be discussed in this study is: according to the review of various sources, what are the dimensions of social sustainability in the urban built environment, despite the importance of the policy and urban planning? Although there have been several studies on social sustainability in urban processes, built environment, urban development, etc., which have described and explained this concept, it seems that there is a lack of research that examines all the dimensions, characteristics and components of this concept and provides a comprehensive understanding of social sustainability in this field.
Methodology
Therefore, the purpose of this study is a meta-synthesis review of selected sources to clarify the dimensions of social sustainability in these areas. The upcoming research has been conducted using seven steps of meta-synthesis review and data coding using the MAXQDA software to achieve this goal. During the information extraction process, 258 primary codes were identified by the software using the open coding approach. In the next step, they were divided into 11 core codes based on common concepts according to the communication process of microdata. Then, by combining the core codes, four categories of urban form, policies and plans, dimensions and features, and the main areas of social sustainability were achieved.
Results & DISCUSSION
The category of urban form is formed by integrating the core codes of density, land use, urban space, housing, accessibility, built environment, housing and spatial structure. The category of policies and plans results from integrating the core codes of regeneration, renovation, urban management, neighborhood development, urban development plans, new urbanism, and TOD. The category of characteristics and contextual factors results from the action of the core codes of dependence on the context, dynamism, dependence on culture, etc. Finally, the category of social sustainability dimensions is formed by integrating the core codes of participation, equality, safety, sense of place, social inclusion, social cohesion, social capital, etc. By understanding and explaining the stated categories, the results of the studies are presented in a framework of social sustainability, including conceptualization, policy-making and action in the urban built environment. Each dimension enters democracy-based, participation-based and ideology-based discourses in a more remarkable synthesis. Democracy, which means equality, requires social policies to move toward sustainability. Moving toward inclusion and social cohesion in urban policies requires a democratic urban context to increase the social capital resulting from this connection and create well-being for the citizens. Social sustainability is discourse-based, and in a way, it is necessary to apply this concept and connect it as much as possible with the discourse of participation. The fact is that none of these concepts alone can explain social sustainability in studies and the urban environment. The connections and categories that make up these concepts are oriented on two levels. The first level includes people, government, and planners; the second level provides knowledge, power and cooperation. This framework creates a different level of interaction with the built environment depending on the political context and the ruling power. Planners can validate the powerlessness and silence of the excluded by representing their values, ideas, and worldviews and somehow turn them into the dominant ideology for achieving sustainability.
Conclusions
A deep understanding of the results provides a basis for future studies to conduct further studies in each proposed discourse and link them more effectively to social sustainability. The significant achievement of this research is combining the results of social sustainability studies in urban studies and providing a different perspective from the aspects presented in the form of a theoretical framework. In addition to defining the direction of urban studies in the field of social sustainability, this theoretical framework can emphasize that the proposed discourses are interwoven and interdependent. And whether social sustainability is used as a goal or a tool, all factors and layers must be considered together.
Sarvenaz Hossein Razavi; Zohreh Davodpour; Manouchehr Tabibian; Maryam Moeinifar
Abstract
Today, a complete understanding of the city requires moving from the real world to the virtual world and vice versa. Urban space is a platform in which social relations and civic life flow. Technology, as an integral part of life, has influenced cities to undergo fundamental and functional changes, and ...
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Today, a complete understanding of the city requires moving from the real world to the virtual world and vice versa. Urban space is a platform in which social relations and civic life flow. Technology, as an integral part of life, has influenced cities to undergo fundamental and functional changes, and is recognized as a new feature in the 21st century. These changes have led to the dual spatialization of life and, consequently, to citizens with behavioral transformation. In other words, hybrid urban space has created a dual-function citizenship of virtual-virtual. This study deals with the spatial-functional duality of citizens or the dichotomy of citizenship in the context of Tehran.
The research is qualitative in nature and practical in terms of purpose. In addition to documentary and library studies, data collection was done through a simple random questionnaire. Since the study population was uncertain and unlimited, the number of samples was determined based on Cohen's formula559, which was completed to ensure666 questionnaires from 22 districts of Tehran. The validity of the questionnaire was measured by adjusting and filling out a 35-item test questionnaire and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured based on Cronbach's alpha. According to the research findings, there is a significant correlation and relationship between research variables and among the main factors of social interactions and urban structure, it has a higher priority than technology.Studies show that the interaction of the three main elements, city (body), citizen and technology, the phenomenon of two permissible approaches - the reality of citizenship and space in Tehran as a symbol of the 21st century city is strengthened every day and social innovation is being formed.
Roholla Rostami; Seyed Yaghob Mousavi; Bahram Ghadimi; Khalil Mirzai
Abstract
The present article aims at studying the relationship between urban historical landscape approach and urban livability. The term viability refers to degree of meeting society requirements based on people’s needs and capacity in that society. Environmental pollution with external sources, ethnicity, ...
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The present article aims at studying the relationship between urban historical landscape approach and urban livability. The term viability refers to degree of meeting society requirements based on people’s needs and capacity in that society. Environmental pollution with external sources, ethnicity, reducing social capital, reducing sense of belonging to location, being surrounded by mountains, speculation, lack of viable land in Ilam city have faced it with challenges. This study aims at recognizing effective factors on Ilam viability. Research method in this study is survey. Sampling and data gathering is done through questionnaire and interview. Statistical population is all eighteen-year-old an over Ilam citizens and according to Cochran formula 383 people have been selected as sample size. In theoretical elements of the research, approaches of urban geography, urban economy, urban planning, and urban sociology have been used. The research findings showed that average economical viability satisfaction is (49.1), average social viability satisfaction is (55), and average environmental viability satisfaction is (32.66).
Azam Molaei; Saeed Kamyabi
Abstract
Rising demand for energy and an emphasis on environmental sustainability have revolutionized the energy infrastructure in the environment. At the same time, more distributed energy systems are emerging rapidly. These changes will definitely affect the design, operation and management of buildings. In ...
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Rising demand for energy and an emphasis on environmental sustainability have revolutionized the energy infrastructure in the environment. At the same time, more distributed energy systems are emerging rapidly. These changes will definitely affect the design, operation and management of buildings. In this article, with the aim of evaluating energy efficiency at the neighborhood scale using the lead model for sustainable development in Yousefabad neighborhood of Tehran's sixth district . The type of applied research and study method is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting library information and detailed data is in the sixth district of Tehran and data analysis has been done using the lead model. Findings show that Yousefabad neighborhood, in total, the score of the studied area out of 35 possible points has obtained about 20.75 points, which indicates that the situation is approximately approved - half of the points obtained - and with other changes. In the range, energy efficiency increases according to the lead model. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures related to energy with the aim of reducing its consumption and achieving energy efficiency, and with its cultural context, cause the socio-economic prosperity of the citizens' environment and at the same time improve the quality of the environment to conserve natural resources.
Amer Nikpour; Mohammad Soleymani; Mona Gholami; Behnaz Mohammadyari
Abstract
Poverty is one of the most important challenges of urbanization today. The fuzzy method was used to scale the indicators, the factor analysis method was used to measure poverty and the Moran spatial correlation method was used for spatial analysis. According to the results, the situation of some indicators ...
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Poverty is one of the most important challenges of urbanization today. The fuzzy method was used to scale the indicators, the factor analysis method was used to measure poverty and the Moran spatial correlation method was used for spatial analysis. According to the results, the situation of some indicators such as livelihood burden, dependency burden, total unemployment, rented housing, aging rate, and divorce ratio has worsened compared to before. In the zoning of 1390, about 32.52% of the population and 26.12% of the area were in the poverty zone, while in 2016, this amount increased to 75.44% of the population and 48.22% of the area. Also, the growth of the number of blocks, area, population, and household in very poor and impoverished areas has been more than affluent and very affluent areas. A comparison of the percentage change of each of the four variables shows that the largest change is primarily related to the household variable and the population in the very poor area, which grew by 201 and 183%, respectively, and secondly by the household and population located in It is a poor area that grew by 163 and 135 percent, respectively. According to the results of the Moran model, urban poverty in both 1390 and 1395 in Gorgan has a pattern of cluster distribution and spatial correlation.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Mohadeseh Yousefpour; Mahmoud Jomehpour; Ali Khaksari Rafsanjani
Abstract
Abstract
The policy of developing new cities has been adopted in response to the ever-increasing rise in population and its excessive concentration in metropolises. However, a lack of consideration for immigrants' culture and identity has given rise to issues in social sustainability. Moreover, the ...
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Abstract
The policy of developing new cities has been adopted in response to the ever-increasing rise in population and its excessive concentration in metropolises. However, a lack of consideration for immigrants' culture and identity has given rise to issues in social sustainability. Moreover, the failure to address population forecasting and incorporate economic planning has disrupted the self-reliance of immigrants in the new city of Pardis. This research aims to investigate the phenomenon of identity dispersion in Pardis and explore approaches to cultivating an independent identity. The qualitative strategy employed in this applied descriptive-analytical study involves content analysis. The target community comprises two groups: the citizens and the urban management staff. Theoretical saturation was reached after conducting interviews with 38 individuals from these groups. Data were collected through targeted, semi-structured interviews, observations, and analysis of urban documents. MAX QDA software was utilized for data analysis. Following coding, ten minor categories and two major categories were identified. The major categories include immigration and the distinctive image of the city, which were found to be distinct entities. The findings of the study reveal that the urban management staffs perceive the enhancement of the city's independent identity to be influenced by the dynamic interaction between the northern and southern parts of Pardis, as well as the establishment of a technopark. On the other hand, residents primarily viewed the employment opportunities provided by the technopark as the most effective means of fostering an independent identity. They also emphasized the importance of leveraging shared ethnic characteristics in defining attractive activities for the community. Overall, this research sheds light on the complexities of identity formation in new cities and proposes potential strategies for cultivating a distinctive identity in Pardis.
Keywords: Identity Dispersion, Independent Identity, New City, New City of Pardis.
Introduction
New cities have emerged as a notable phenomenon within Iran's urban landscape, leading researchers to dedicate significant attention to this subject. These planned communities are situated at a short distance from the main city, possessing a specific area and population. They are constructed within a short timeframe, lacking a primary core, with the intention of organizing work conditions, fostering healthy living environments, and promoting self-sufficiency as a key principle. The focus of this research is the new city of Pardis, located approximately 17 kilometers east of Tehran metropolis. The city's establishment was approved in March 1989. As of the 2015 census, Pardis had a population of 73,363 individuals and covered an area of approximately 3,600 hectares. The research seeks to address the growing social anomalies in Pardis and understand the factors—beyond physical and economic considerations—that contribute to these anomalies and hinder the formation of an independent identity. Additionally, it aims to analyze the weak population retention in Pardis and assess the extent to which management institutions contribute to this issue. Ultimately, the study intends to propose solutions for identity-related challenges in order to foster social sustainability.
Literature review
Waresi et al. (2019) conducted a research study entitled "Analysis and Evaluation of Residents' Sense of Identity in New Cities: A Case Study of the New City of Fouladshahr." The objective of their study was to assess the identity perception among residents of the new city of Fouladshahr using a descriptive-analytical approach and administering questionnaires through a probability-based sampling method. The findings of their study revealed that a longer duration of residency in new cities is positively associated with a stronger sense of belonging. Furthermore, the study indicated an inverse relationship between the level of education and the degree of identity derived from the new city.
In a separate investigation titled "Identity Crisis and Social Isolation in New Cities and Its Relationship with Residential Satisfaction: A Case Study of the New City of Pardis," Shaterian et al. (2015) employed a descriptive-correlational method using cluster and simple random sampling techniques. Their research established that a lack of identity within new cities leads to increased social isolation and diminished satisfaction with the place of residence. Another study conducted by Azani et al. (2005) titled "Investigating the Role of Urban Spaces in Creating the Identity of New Cities" adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. Their research revealed that the availability of public spaces fosters the formation of collective memories, thereby contributing to the development of a stronger sense of identity among residents in new cities.
Methodology
The present study adopts a descriptive-analytical research design, with an applied purpose and a qualitative content analysis method. The target population for this research comprises residents and professionals in the field of urban management, including employees of the municipality, Construction Company, and other relevant organizations that have interacted with the residents of Pardis. A purposive sampling technique is utilized in this research, aiming to interview individuals until theoretical saturation is achieved. A total of 38 participants, including 23 residents and 15 individuals from the urban management department, were selected for interviews. After each interview, voice recordings were transcribed, and the first round of coding was performed using the MAX QDA software platform. The extracted information and codes from the interviews guided the determination of characteristics for subsequent interviewees and the creation of semi-structured questions by the author. This iterative process continued until the 38th interview was completed. To ensure comprehensive data collection that addresses the research questions pertaining to the primary challenges faced by the new city of Pardis, the authors employed the record-keeping method. This method involved gathering reliable reference documents as a supplementary data source.
Results
Based on the descriptive findings, the new city of Pardis exhibits a dispersion and confusion of identity among ethnic groups and religions. The city is inhabited by diverse groups such as Turks, Kurds, Lors, Mazanis, Gilaks, Sistanis, Baluches, Azeris, Arabs, Tats, and Afghans. These groups speak various languages, including Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Armenian, and different dialects such as Tat, Gilak, Mazani (Tabari), Lori, Kormanj, Sorani, Sistani, Baloch, Dari, and Pashto. The religious affiliations of the residents were identified as Islam, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Judaism, Ali Allahi, and Islamic mysticism, with the predominance of Shia and Sunni beliefs. Through the analysis of 284 codes after coding in three steps, two main categories were identified, namely "immigration" and "role of urban management in immigration," each comprising several subcategories. Under the "immigration" category, the subcategories included "immigrant state," "micro-cultures and the right to culture," "coexistence and assimilation." Factors contributing to the diversity in identity were attributed to favorable climate, Mehr housing, increased land and housing prices in Tehran, financial constraints of some Tehran residents, favorable proximity of Pardis to Tehran, and a more comfortable living environment compared to the crowded capital. The subcategory of "coexistence and assimilation" revealed ethnic conflicts and a lack of peaceful coexistence among residents, as evidenced by the dialogue with both citizens and city management.
The main category, "distinct image of the city," consisted of subcategories such as "physical dimension," "functional dimension," "economic dimension," "ecological dimension," "sensory dimension," and "the role of urban management in independent urban identity." The urban management body deemed "two-way interactions between the northern and southern parts of the city" and the "expansion of the technology park" as effective in shaping the city's independent identity. However, citizens believed that "employing natives in the technology park" and "utilizing shared cultural aspects in defining activities" would contribute to strengthening the city's unique identity.
In the physical dimension subcategory, the Science and Technology Park emerged as a significant tourist attraction that could attract capital. It was suggested that enhancing access to knowledge-based companies by reducing space restrictions would facilitate easier visits by tourists. Additionally, in the functional dimension subcategory, the completion of the Pardis Bam project and the development of a distinctive activity at the city's entrance were discussed as means to establish an identity marker. Regarding the role of urban management in the city's independent identity, improved registration policies for the Mehr housing units by the Construction Company of the new city of Pardis were suggested. Such measures would help control immigration, optimize population growth, expedite apartment delivery, enhance infrastructure response, increase satisfaction, foster social trust, and ultimately contribute to the city's independent identity.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge that this research was conducted independently without any specific organizational support. They extend their heartfelt gratitude to all the individuals who generously contributed to the interview process and provided valuable assistance throughout the research endeavor.
