Gholamreza Kazemian; Jamshid Akbari
Abstract
The change in spatial development patterns from agriculture life into industry and then, service sector, and in response, changes in spatial paradigms of settlement and development, has led to concentration of population and resources of development in cities and mega cities. This concentration is followed ...
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The change in spatial development patterns from agriculture life into industry and then, service sector, and in response, changes in spatial paradigms of settlement and development, has led to concentration of population and resources of development in cities and mega cities. This concentration is followed by contradictions and conflicts in interests and behavior which can be a contextual preparation for crime along with making improvement in higher degrees of quality in life, especially when physical development of city lacks a comprehensive spatial planning. Thus, this research aimed to study crime patterns and its spatial analysis in urban and peri-urban areas and their application urban planning. On a descriptive-analytical approach and by applying meta-synthesis, it investigates prior research articles on related domain. Results show that factors such as population density and social ecology can prepare opportunities for crime, but different communities respond to such opportunities in different patterns. Comparing results within Iranian cities to other global locations made it clear that the research on patterns of crimes in Iranian cities is distinct from foreign countries’ cities both in terms of form and content. The results and conclusions of this article can be used by urban planners and managers in formulation and implementation of spatial plans and policies especially for high-risk areas.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Shahram Salamati Gabalo; Rasoul Ghorbani; Iraj Teymouri
Abstract
With the global surge of urbanization and population growth, the well-being of children within modern urban developments has been largely overlooked, necessitating an urgent need for attentiveness towards their needs in cities. Consequently, the assessment of urban neighborhoods in terms of child-friendly ...
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With the global surge of urbanization and population growth, the well-being of children within modern urban developments has been largely overlooked, necessitating an urgent need for attentiveness towards their needs in cities. Consequently, the assessment of urban neighborhoods in terms of child-friendly city components becomes an essential area of research. This study employs a survey method to evaluate the dimensions and components associated with a child-friendly city. Utilizing a cluster-spatial sampling approach, ten neighborhoods from five regions of Ardabil are selected as representative samples (two neighborhoods per region). A total of 400 researcher-developed questionnaires are then distributed proportionally based on the population of each selected neighborhood. The collected data is subsequently analyzed using one-sample t-statistics in SPSS software, as well as multi-criteria decision-making models to prioritize the neighborhoods according to the research criteria. The findings reveal distinctive characteristics of child-friendly city dimensions and components across the various neighborhoods of Ardabil. Interestingly, when comparing the dimensions, the environmental-physical and organizational-managerial dimensions emerge as the most problematic areas within the studied neighborhoods. Additionally, it is noteworthy that despite the inherent spatial disparities between neighborhoods, Neighborhood No. 1 in District 4 and Neighborhood No. 3 in District 2 of Ardabil Municipality exhibit greater challenges compared to other neighborhoods under investigation.
Introduction
With the rapid global urbanization and population growth, the well-being of children has been largely overlooked in modern urban planning and development. Consequently, there is a pressing need to prioritize the consideration of children in urban environments like never before. Thus, it becomes imperative to conduct an in-depth investigation into the state of neighborhoods within the city of Ardabil, specifically in relation to the key indicators and criteria of a child-friendly city. This study aims to assess and prioritize the neighborhoods based on their adherence to these criteria, aiming to provide an accurate depiction of their current state and identify those in most need of improvement.
To address the research inquiries and establish a logical framework, the following assumptions were formulated:
- The nature of the components that contribute to a child-friendly city varies across different localities within Ardabil city. Of these components, the dimensions pertaining to physical and management are anticipated to pose the greatest challenges in the investigated areas, as evident from comparative examination.
-The ranking of different neighborhoods of Ardabil city are different in terms of the components of a child-friendly city.
Literature Review
Permanasari et al. (2019) conducted a study entitled "Political pattern of public space in creating a child-friendly city in Jakarta," which emphasizes the significance of employing a bottom-up participatory approach in fostering heightened utilization and engagement among children.
In their research titled "Child-friendly city survey focusing on children's health," Brown et al. (2019) underscore the influence of the environment on children's well-being. Accordingly, they assert the necessity for cities to possess comprehensive knowledge concerning the factors that impact children's health. Furthermore, it is imperative to prioritize understanding and promoting interactions between children and their environment, thereby enhancing their overall health.
Examining the role of child-friendly urban structures in neighborhood development, Ahmadi et al. (2018) present their findings in an article entitled "Evaluation of the role of child-friendly city structure in the realization of development: case study of neighborhoods in Yazd city." Their research demonstrates significant variation in child-friendly city indicators within Yazd city, with certain neighborhoods exhibiting a high level of prosperity while others languish at a considerably lower level. Safaiyeh neighborhood emerges as the most prosperous, securing the top rank in the city. Conversely, Fahadan, Mahdiabad, Sajjadiyeh, Amirabad, and Kashtargah neighborhoods are positioned at the bottom, highlighting their limited prosperity.
In their study on "Evaluation of child-friendly city indicators in Mashhad metropolis," Kharazmi et al. (2019) reveal the impact of these indicators and discern a discrepancy between the current state and the desired outcomes. The analysis uncovers a significant gap concerning access to play areas, green spaces, and vital services, suggesting the need for noteworthy improvements in these localized indicators within the context of Mashhad.
Methodology
The present study adopts an applied research design with a descriptive-analytical nature. Spatial cluster sampling was employed to randomly select 10 neighborhoods, comprising two neighborhoods from each of the five regions in Ardabil city, to serve as the sample. The target population for this research consists of households with children residing in the selected neighborhoods. To determine the appropriate sample size for the questionnaire, Cochran's statistical population formula was utilized, considering a 95% confidence level. As a result, 380 households were initially determined; however, to ensure increased accuracy, the sample size was expanded to 400 households. The distribution of the questionnaire was proportional to the number of households in each neighborhood. The evaluation of the problematic conditions of Ardabil city's neighborhoods regarding the components of a child-friendly city was conducted using the t-test. Subsequently, in the Excel environment, various multi-criteria decision-making models, including Topsis, Vicor, Electre, and Copeland integration model, were employed to rank the ten selected neighborhoods from the five regions of Ardabil city based on their problematic status in relation to the components of a child-friendly city. The selection of weights for the criteria was determined using Shannon's entropy method.
Results
The findings indicate significant variations among the localities within Ardabil city concerning the identified issues. Upon comparing the dimensions, it was observed that the organizational-management and environmental-physical dimensions exhibited the highest frequency of confirmation, thus suggesting their prominence as the most problematic dimensions across the studied localities. Moreover, employing multi-criteria decision-making models unveiled that Neighborhood No. 1 in Region 4 of Ardabil Municipality exhibited the highest number of neighborhood issues, primarily associated with concerns related to environmental-physical, cultural-social, and organizational-management aspects. On the other hand, Neighborhood No. 10 in Region 2 of Ardabil Municipality showcased the lowest number of neighborhood issues when compared to the other localities. It is essential to note that the localities examined in this research were selected based on their adherence to the dimensions and components of a child-friendly city.
Conclusion
One of the fundamental factors contributing to the spatial differentiation of localities, as evidenced by research indicators, is social and occupational inequality, which leads to unequal social and structural positions. This inequality in turn influences the access individuals and groups have to scarce social resources and benefits, including wealth, power, and status. Consequently, these factors significantly impact individuals' rights, opportunities, rewards, and social standing. Given the interconnectedness between social and spatial processes, this issue within Ardabil city exacerbates disparities in accessing urban services, opportunities, and amenities, particularly for children. These include aspects such as transportation and independent mobility, access to diverse services and activities, safety and security, friendly green spaces, and environmental concerns. Therefore, addressing social inequalities and enhancing urban infrastructure and facilities constitute crucial steps towards creating a child-friendly city.
Furthermore, based on the authors' personal experiences and feedback from residents residing in localities with a higher prevalence of neighborhood issues, it becomes evident that urban management, particularly the municipality, plays a significant role in the environmental and physical realms. Through wielding influence and exerting power over other involved institutions, the municipality has had a notable impact on the problems faced by such neighborhoods. This influence stems from the limited awareness and economic poverty experienced by neighborhood residents, as well as the functional shortcomings of local institutions. Consequently, existing policies geared towards the development of socially, economically, and physically deprived populations – who predominantly reside in the most problematic areas identified in this study – have been ineffective. Instead, the current conditions have created a situation where high-income groups benefit disproportionately from the existing state of affairs. The lack of specific plans and programs targeting these problem areas, coupled with the failure to delegate approved plans for implementation at lower levels (such as regional municipalities), has exacerbated inequalities between localities. Hence, adopting a justice-oriented perspective in urban management is paramount. By doing so, attention can be directed towards improving conditions in deprived and problematic areas, thereby working towards a more equitable urban landscape.
Keramatilah Ziyari; Ahmad Hatami
Abstract
. In the realization of the creative city in Hormozgan province are known and the indicators of the number of printing houses, the number of libraries and the number of cultural and artistic exhibitions with an impact weight of 0.0195 are known as the least effective indicators in the realization of ...
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. In the realization of the creative city in Hormozgan province are known and the indicators of the number of printing houses, the number of libraries and the number of cultural and artistic exhibitions with an impact weight of 0.0195 are known as the least effective indicators in the realization of the creative city. In line with the second goal, TOPSIS model was used and its results showed that Bandar Abbas with the value of Ci 1 has the highest level of creativity and in the port of Lengeh with the value of 0.815649 in the second place, Minab with the value of 124715 / 0 in the third rank, Qeshm with the value of 0.09292 in the fourth rank, Rudan with the value of 0.070436 in the fifth rank, Bastak with the value of 0.070352 in the sixth rank, Parsian with the value of 0.0586565 in the seventh rank, Hajiabad with the value of / 058778 0 in the eighth place, Jask with the value of 0.051672 in the ninth place, Khamir with the value of 0.04316 in the tenth place, Sirik with the value of 0.016682 in the eleventh place, Abu Musa with the value of 0.012988 in the twelfth place and Bashagard with the value of 0.008452 It is ranked last.
Moahmmad Mahdi Mowlaei; Sobhan Yahyaei; Mozhgan Hajizadegan; Mohammad Hamed Ehsanbakhsh
Abstract
This article, with a theoretical lens made from the combination of "Good Urban Governance" and "Cultural Citizenship in the Age of Information", seeks to answer the question of how the two-way interaction of citizens and urban management can be understood through modern tools of information and communication ...
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This article, with a theoretical lens made from the combination of "Good Urban Governance" and "Cultural Citizenship in the Age of Information", seeks to answer the question of how the two-way interaction of citizens and urban management can be understood through modern tools of information and communication technology. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of gaining an understanding of the public opinion flow in cyberspace, and finding a pattern of urban interactions in it. For this, 18095 Instagram posts and 48300 Tweets were collected, and their quantitative and qualitative classification was done by quantitative content analysis and thematic analysis method. Then, a model of urban interactions was drawn. According to the findings of this study, urban activist groups on Twitter and Instagram can be divided into five categories: "Urban Management", "Governing Actors Related to Urban Management", "Political Groups", "People" and "Mass Media". The comparison of Instagram and Twitter shows a significant difference in this regard, and it can be said that the focus on Twitter, due to the diversity of active groups in it, more than Instagram can reflect the state of urban interactions on social media. Unlike Instagram, Twitter is dominated by content with a negative orientation towards Tehran's urban management, and actor interactions sometimes take a hostile approach.
Hamid Amadeh; Abdorasoul Ghasemi; Amir Mohamad Jirsaraee
Abstract
As societies grow and develop, pollution has emerged as a fundamental management challenge in the contemporary world. This issue holds particular significance in developing countries where economic growth and environmental quality often clash in policy-making. Urban solid waste is a prevalent ...
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As societies grow and develop, pollution has emerged as a fundamental management challenge in the contemporary world. This issue holds particular significance in developing countries where economic growth and environmental quality often clash in policy-making. Urban solid waste is a prevalent form of pollution afflicting cities, including Tehran. The pivotal question is whether the production of urban solid waste increases in tandem with citizens' incomes. This article delves into the relationship between the per capita income of Tehran residents and the volume of urban solid waste they generate within the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. Given that household activities directly drive municipal solid waste production, the findings of this study shed light on citizens' environmental preferences. Utilizing panel data from 2007 to 2016 across 22 districts of Tehran, the study confirms that the quadratic model hypothesis of the EKC adequately analyzes this relationship based on Wald's test. Additionally, utilizing the fixed effects method, the study demonstrates the significant impact of per capita income on waste generation. Moreover, the analysis includes population density and household size as control variables, revealing a negative correlation between population density and waste production, while the impact of household size remains statistically insignificant.
Keywords: Solid Urban Waste, EKC, Panel Data, Tehran.
Introduction
The escalating population growth, urbanization expansion, and industrial development witnessed in recent decades have significantly elevated environmental concerns. A paramount issue among these concerns is the discharge of diverse pollutants, posing a pressing challenge for contemporary societies and garnering considerable attention from governmental entities, academia, and researchers. Waste, as a by-product of human endeavors, manifests in various dimensions and necessitates thorough examination. This study delves into the production of municipal solid waste (MSW) and its correlation with citizen income.
The primary focus of this research is to scrutinize the interplay between citizens' income levels and waste generation, particularly waste directly emanating from households. The underlying research hypothesis posits that as citizens' income rises, there is an initial upsurge in consumption and subsequent waste production. However, as per capita income levels advance, it is anticipated that individuals' preferences will undergo a transformation. This evolution is envisaged to manifest as a heightened environmental conscientiousness, leading to a shift towards prioritizing environmental quality and consequently diminishing waste generation.
Literature Review
Within the realm of environmental economics, scholarly attention has been directed towards exploring the intricate relationship between waste generation and per capita income through the lens of the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory. This hypothesis posits an inverted U-shaped association between per capita income and environmental degradation, with a specific focus on urban solid waste within the scope of the present study. Over the recent years, the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory has been employed as a theoretical framework to elucidate the link between per capita income levels and the proliferation of diverse environmental pollutants.
The term "Environmental Kuznets Curve" (EKC) was coined by (Dasgupta and Maler, 1994) owing to the resemblance of this curve to the fundamental Kuznets curve. Subsequently, (Shafik and Bandyopadhyay, 1992) posited, under the assumption of technological stability, consistent consumer preferences, and continued investment in environmental conservation, that escalating economic activities serve as a catalyst for environmental deterioration. Expounding on this notion, (Beckerman, 1992) delineated the presence of evidence showcasing environmental pollution during the early stages of economic advancement. Ultimately, Beckerman advocated for the augmentation of societal income as the paramount and most effective strategy to safeguard and ameliorate the environment.
Methodology
The focal point of this study revolves around the interplay between the income levels of Tehran's residents and the volume of solid waste generated by them. Urban solid waste emanates directly from household sources or urban establishments, indicative of the significant influence citizens possess over the production of this particular form of pollution. This investigation draws upon panel data encompassing 22 districts within Tehran. Specifically, the study incorporates data from the 22 districts under the purview of Tehran Metropolitan Municipality over a temporal span stretching from the year 2006 to 2016, totaling a duration of 10 years. The principal dependent variable under scrutiny pertains to the per capita quantity of waste generated by individuals, with this data sourced from official statistics released by the Municipality of Tehran through the Information and Communication Technology Organization.
Results
To initiate the model estimation process, the F-Limer's test was employed to ascertain the distinct impacts of individual sections. The test results unequivocally rejected the null hypothesis with complete certainty, signifying the inadequacy of assuming uniform origins across all regions. Consequently, the data conveys a nuanced perspective by embracing the notion of unique regional effects as opposed to a homogeneous data distribution. Subsequently, the Hausman test was utilized to discern the most appropriate estimation method between fixed effects and random effects.
Upon a thorough examination of the statistical values within the table and the associated probabilities, it was determined that the random effect estimator should be disregarded with a probability exceeding 95%, thereby endorsing the utilization of the fixed effects method. Subsequently, the quadratic model was estimated employing the fixed effects approach.
The estimated coefficients for the variables exhibit significance, barring the household dimension variable. Remarkably, the coefficient of the squared per capita income variable is not only negative but also statistically significant, underscoring the presence of an inverse U-shaped correlation between per capita income and urban solid waste production. This observation aligns with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, indicating that as the income of citizens in the 22 districts of Tehran rises, the initial surge in solid waste generation eventually plateaus and diminishes beyond a certain threshold. Moreover, the estimated coefficient for population density displays a negative and statistically significant relationship with urban solid waste production, elucidating that heightened population density inversely correlates with the amount of solid waste yielded by inhabitants.
Discussion
In specific districts within Tehran, the initiation of efforts to diminish urban waste generation has been spurred by income escalations, while in alternate areas; a decline in waste output is projected to transpire once a particular threshold of per capita income is reached. It is imperative to emphasize that these outcomes should not be construed to imply a passive reliance on income augmentation alone to address urban waste management issues, thereby underscoring the continued significance of espousing efficient policies within this domain.
Gholamreza Latifi
Urban and Regional Development Planning
roghayeh bakhshandeh; korosh afzali; mohamadhadi almasi
Abstract
In recent decades, the establishment and use of bicycles has become popular in many cities of the world, and the birth of shared bicycle systems has actually increased its prosperity. Despite this issue, the use of this strategy in the system and management of intra-urban transportation in Iranian cities ...
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In recent decades, the establishment and use of bicycles has become popular in many cities of the world, and the birth of shared bicycle systems has actually increased its prosperity. Despite this issue, the use of this strategy in the system and management of intra-urban transportation in Iranian cities is less visible. The aim of this research; is Investigating the public acceptability of using bicycles in the small town of Aq Qala. The approach of this research is qualitative with the logic of deductive reasoning and its nature is survey research. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used and a sample size of 400 people was used. Based on this, the findings of the research show low efficient of public acceptance of bicycle use and significant weaknesses in the social dimensions of bicycle use in the city of Aq Qala and the lack of significant confirmation of the correlation coefficients of variables such as “attitudes”, “Injunctive norms” and even “perceived usefulness” with the behavior variable. In this context, the lack of belief in the bicycle as a means of travel is seen, and the attitude of sports to the bicycle is more visible. The results of the multiple linear regression test of the research also indicate the significance of the whole model and the existence of a relationship between the socio-psychological variables of the research as well as significance of the three affecting variables of awareness (+0.292), descriptive norms (+0.243) and individual affectivity (-0.312) with the adjusted
Shahabodin Kermanshahi; Alireza Ramandi; Mahdi Bashiri nia; Mahta Mirmoghradaee; Mahdi Shokrgozar
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing trend in utilizing the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) approach for updating traditional master plans. This article presents a comprehensive framework for evaluating development plans through the lens of TOD principles. The assessment is based on five ...
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In recent years, there has been a growing trend in utilizing the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) approach for updating traditional master plans. This article presents a comprehensive framework for evaluating development plans through the lens of TOD principles. The assessment is based on five key criteria: density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit, as well as the interrelationships between these factors. To provide a realistic representation of these principles in the neighborhood context, a dynamic zoning system is employed in walkable areas for local residents. By using this framework, the strengths and weaknesses of development plans can be thoroughly evaluated in detail. The evaluation outcomes consist of statistical figures and geographic maps that can be used to improve future development plans. In this study, the Neyshabour master plan was assessed using this method, revealing that the city's planning and design do not conform to TOD principles. The majority of the TOD criteria received low scores, highlighting the need for revisions to the master plan.
Keywords: Evaluation, Transit Oriented Development (TOD), Urban Development Plan, Density, Diversity, Design.
Introduction
Over the last few decades, cities have grown in size due to urbanization, leading to problems such as increased traffic congestion and air pollution. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been proposed as a solution to these issues. TOD involves developing more compact, mixed-use, and high-density urban areas near transit stations, with high-quality pedestrian networks and reduced parking spaces, in order to decrease reliance on private cars for intra-city trips and encourage walking.
By examining the experiences of countries that have implemented TOD principles, planners can adjust their plans to align with TOD principles and dimensions. This paper identifies the most significant sources for the principles of such developments and extracts them for use in evaluating comprehensive urban plans based on TOD principles. The information provided in a country's comprehensive plans is then used to evaluate these principles and incorporate the results into a method for evaluating urban development plans, with a particular focus on small and medium-sized cities, which make up 98% of the nation's cities.
As a case study, the master plan for the city of Neyshabur is analyzed to determine whether the incorporation of public transportation aligns with the TOD approach. The further development of this method will be made available to urban planners so that they can use it as an auxiliary instrument.
Methodology
The proposed method for evaluating urban development plans in this study was developed using five dimensions chosen from the TOD criteria: "density," "diversity," "design," "access to destinations," and "distance to public transportation." To automate the evaluation process, coding in the GIS environment was used for geographic analysis, and a web application was developed for index calculation. As urban development plans are prepared as GIS layers, supplementary software-based tools are also provided for associated analyses and preparations.
After conducting an analysis of the strata that make up the urban development plan, indicators associated with the TOD approach are extracted and organized into a database at the city cell level. In addition to these five dimensions, the relationship between the criteria is considered through combined criteria, with one hundred points assigned to sixteen different criteria according to this guideline.
Overall, this method provides an efficient and effective means of evaluating urban development plans based on TOD principles. The automated nature of the tool, supported by GIS and web application technology, streamlines the evaluation process while ensuring accuracy and consistency.
Results
After extracting all the criteria and determining the score for each, the proposed method provides a more comprehensive representation of urban development plans, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. This analysis generates statistical charts and maps that demonstrate the geographical distribution of various factors, which can be utilized to improve urban development plans. For instance, if there is inadequate access to public systems, it must be determined which areas of the city require more attention and redesigning. Similarly, regions of the city that require an improvement or modification of the built environment are also identified and displayed. This relates to the relationship between permitted building density and other design elements based on public transportation.
Moreover, the use of Lorenz curves and accessibility of various services at different functional levels can assist in balancing the distribution of these types of uses throughout the city, ensuring equal access for all citizens. However, the "distance to public transportation" remains a significant limitation of this approach. Insufficient investment in developing public transportation systems within comprehensive plans means that urban development and environmentally responsible transportation are currently incompatible with each other.
Conclusion
The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between physical factors and a development strategy that relies on public transportation. Upon completion, an inquiry into the impact of non-physical variables on development plans based on public transportation can also be conducted. These non-physical variables encompass environmental, seismic zoning, economic, demographic, and climatic factors.
Navid Paknejad; Gholamreza Latifi
Abstract
Analyzing the structure of urban space over time and analyzing the characteristics of texture lead to understanding the formation of behavior and behavioral patterns in the physical structure, and this creates the conditions for planning for the emergence of various behavioral patterns based on “provide ...
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Analyzing the structure of urban space over time and analyzing the characteristics of texture lead to understanding the formation of behavior and behavioral patterns in the physical structure, and this creates the conditions for planning for the emergence of various behavioral patterns based on “provide spatial analysis”. Spatial arrangement is one of the methods used in understanding space and physical form and due to space analysis and the effect of space on human behavior in urban space is of great importance and position. The present study is descriptive-analytical and comparative. First, by conducting library studies (reviewing books, scientific articles and documents), the theoretical framework is explained and then the physical form with Depthmap software (which is based on the techniques of space layout design technique). The purpose of the present study is to investigate, compare and analyze the formation of different spatial-physical structure of these two neighborhoods in different time periods and its effect on behavioral patterns. One of the results of the present study is that the checkered and regular structure (neighborhood of lessons) allows more access to uses, but it causes the scattering of uses and behavioral patterns. In the checkered texture of the neighborhoods, they have various uses, but in the organic texture (Zargandeh neighborhood), the physical system creates more coherence in this formation of uses, and this causes the formation of various and numerous behavioral patterns.
Mojtaba Rafieian; zahra rahmati; Hashem Dadash Pour
Abstract
Today, with the spread of urbanization, we witness more and more the space of competitive logic and development in the world around us. In other words, it can be said that what we deal with in the form of various plans and programs is considered representative of the mentioned logic. As an example of ...
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Today, with the spread of urbanization, we witness more and more the space of competitive logic and development in the world around us. In other words, it can be said that what we deal with in the form of various plans and programs is considered representative of the mentioned logic. As an example of these development plans and programs, this article uses the qualitative grounded theory method. It describes the conflict space formed around the University of Tehran's development plan. The research findings show that in this field, through an intertwining of academic rationality and power networks, the knowledge concerned with the public good is produced and creates the issue necessary here to develop a green, entrepreneurial, and Entrepreneur university. At the same time, this particular knowledge generated by power relations is legitimized. This is where the logic of development is reproduced in a specific spatial form. One of the commonalities of this spatiality in the general concept of development logic is the types of dispossession and gentrification. This expropriation, along with all the exercise of power, leads to resistance from the residents of the Vesal neighborhood. Finally, the set of these multiple forces is drawn around the University of Tehran's development plan. The relationship between the plan's claims and the reality field is measured using the methodology.
Ali Khaksari; Elham Rohani Cholaei
Abstract
Of all the issues related to sustainable cities, urban transportation is apriority issue. Transportation is a central issue in our lives and also a seriousproblem that we are faced with. Since the historical and ancient context ofthe center of the most cities, which is the home to ancient and treasuredelements ...
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Of all the issues related to sustainable cities, urban transportation is apriority issue. Transportation is a central issue in our lives and also a seriousproblem that we are faced with. Since the historical and ancient context ofthe center of the most cities, which is the home to ancient and treasuredelements just like as the identity and background of the citizens, is facedwith physical, social and economic problems. besides fast and easilyphysical and visual access to this part of town can improve theenvironmental quality indicators; Therefore, paying attention to new urbanpolicies considering transport planning, through access on foot, bike andpublic transport seem necessary. Considering the necessity of stabilization oftransportation in the historical context to enhance environmental quality
Roohollah Shahidipour; Elham Sangi; Hamed Mazaherian; Alireza Karami; Ali Jafari Shahrestani
Abstract
Lack of performance assessment system in organizations is one of the main reasons for failure of their goals and missions. The pathology of the past assessment procedures in Tehran municipality shows that high number of indicators, being qualitative and having traditional approach have led to the failure ...
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Lack of performance assessment system in organizations is one of the main reasons for failure of their goals and missions. The pathology of the past assessment procedures in Tehran municipality shows that high number of indicators, being qualitative and having traditional approach have led to the failure to achieve the main purpose of assessment. The purpose of this study was to describe and prioritize the performance indicators of twenty-two districts of Tehran Municipality using fuzzy Delphi method to provide the necessary basis for realization of programs based on prioritized indicators. This was an applied research and data collection was carried out in a mixed method studies which has been performed with surveying of experts based on Dehphi fuzzy method. This paper summarized the significant and important indicators for evaluating the performance of Tehran Municipality using the opinions of elites and experts and prioritizes each indicator for sub-units of Tehran Municipality. The results showed cash realization rate, average time to issue a building license, staff satisfaction, improved bus performance, transportation and waste collection and mechanized cleaning services, cultural, national and religious performance status, quality of care at the request of the citizens had the highest priority in the seven areas, respectively.
Shahrad PourMohammad; Seyyed Alireza shojaei; Hosein Kalantari Khalil Abad; Masoud Taghvaei
Abstract
In order to enhance residents' satisfaction with the living environment, this study seeks to discover the factors affecting environmental and social memories and analyze its micro-branches. According to library studies, the collective memories of the city were extracted as familiarity of residents with ...
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In order to enhance residents' satisfaction with the living environment, this study seeks to discover the factors affecting environmental and social memories and analyze its micro-branches. According to library studies, the collective memories of the city were extracted as familiarity of residents with the neighborhood and neighborhood relations and criteria related to the formation of physical and spatial memories, as characteristics of the neighborhood center, signs and introversion. Theoretical model, 6 neighborhoods of Afifabad, Farhangshahr, Abyari, Zerehi, Modarres and Miyanroudshiraz were selected in three levels from the economic point of view. The type of research is developmental in terms of correlation method. Data collection was done in the field and survey method. Using SPSS analytical software and by analyzing Samples Test, ANOVA, Tukey and Pearson correlation coefficient, different dimensions of environmental memories and Social ones were evaluated as an independent variable and residents' satisfaction was assessed as a dependent variable. The results indicate that social memories are more effective than environmental memories on the level of satisfaction of Shiraz residents. If the factor that reminds the neighborhood of environmental memories and the factor of familiarity of people with the neighborhood of social memories are the most effective factor in increasing the residents' sense of satisfaction with their place of residence.
Mohammad Shaikhi; Najmeh Aghamohseni fashami
Abstract
Tehran metropolis encounters different problems like many metropolises in developing countries.these problems including existence of different concentrations in it which has been the source of many problems. That subjects and ways always are proposed in direction of balance these negative consequences ...
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Tehran metropolis encounters different problems like many metropolises in developing countries.these problems including existence of different concentrations in it which has been the source of many problems. That subjects and ways always are proposed in direction of balance these negative consequences in political and scientific assemblies consequently . capital transferring is one of the cases that is addressed in order to decreased concentrations in Tehran metropolis frequently . but it has not been applied ever . In this research which is performed in descriptive - analytic way and also using documentary studies and interviewing with experts . therefore we want to pay attention to the value of administrative - political capital transferring policy by it’s effect on decentralization of Tehran metropolis . according to the research findings . it doesn’t seem that this policy can be successful to access the purpose of decreasing Tehran metropolis’s problems and consequently to be followed as a moderate policy in order to decrease the concentration in Tehran city and also to adjust the national imbalances . at the same time . we can assume more practical ways except capital transferring at national and Tehran metropolis levels which are effective in direction of balance the metropolis’s problems and even in countries.town.planning
Gholamreza Eskandarian; Seyed Ahmad Firouzabadi
Abstract
The issue of informal settlement management has been mentioned in the country's development document as a development issue. Various approaches have been taken to manage this phenomenon in the world that the empowerment approach is one of the latest. This approach has been experienced in Iran since the ...
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The issue of informal settlement management has been mentioned in the country's development document as a development issue. Various approaches have been taken to manage this phenomenon in the world that the empowerment approach is one of the latest. This approach has been experienced in Iran since the late 1370s, but assessments show that the expected results were not achieved. This result raised the question for the present study whether the empowerment approach was effective in organizing informal settlements? In this study, an attempt was made to answer this question based on the opinions of experts. This research is a qualitative study and follows the method of GroundedTheory. Preliminary findings show that in order to identify the role of the empowerment approach, the roots of the problem must first be identified. As the questions and study process became more precise, the concept of migration was used as a central phenomenon and the basis for the development of the research model. Findings show that the roots of informal settlement can be traced to micro, intermediate and macro levels. Therefore, problem management strategies must be seen simultaneously at different levels. Separation of macro-origin, intermediate-destination and micro-destination strategies has been one of the research findings. The research confirmed that the empowerment approach is useful for dealing with the informal settlement phenomenon, which is applicable at the micro-destination level.
Hooshmand Alizadeh; Sonya Karami; Ameneh Alibakhshi
Abstract
Equitable spatial distribution of facilities and resources between urban regions, as one of the most important pillars of desirable urban life, is one of the requirements of establishing a dynamic, coherent and progressive society. Considering importance of the issue of equality in the spatial distribution ...
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Equitable spatial distribution of facilities and resources between urban regions, as one of the most important pillars of desirable urban life, is one of the requirements of establishing a dynamic, coherent and progressive society. Considering importance of the issue of equality in the spatial distribution of facilities and its role in human societies, in the present study, we intend to analyze Tabriz metropolitan areas, in terms of development indicators. Therefore, the present study is descriptive-analytical in nature and in terms of purpose it is an applied type. Required data collected from statistical yearbook, comprehensive plan of 2011 and 2016 as well as other valid data of urban organizations in the form of 58 important indices including data related to economic, social, physical, welfare components , Educational and environmental. For data analysis we used Shannon entropy, coefficient of variation and Promethee technique for weighting, dispersion analysis and level of determination, respectively. ArcGIS software was also used to display the results on the map. The results of the research indicate that there is no balanced development indicators between the regions of Tabriz. As only regions 5 and 2 have higher levels of Economic, social, welfare, physical, environmental and educational indexes, regions 7,3,1 and 4 are among the deprived regions and region 10 is among the most deprived regions with not having the mentioned indicators. Overall, the research results show that the situation in the regions of Tabriz is not consistent with the balanced spatial distribution and requires proper attention and management.
Aam Afsharnia; Esfandiar Zebardast; Morteza Talachian
Abstract
Investigating and evaluating development plans based on theories of spatial justice is one of the topics that has been neglected in urban planning in Iran. This article aimed to formulate a framework of spatial justice criteria and evaluate the reorganization plan of The Farahzad neighborhood based on ...
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Investigating and evaluating development plans based on theories of spatial justice is one of the topics that has been neglected in urban planning in Iran. This article aimed to formulate a framework of spatial justice criteria and evaluate the reorganization plan of The Farahzad neighborhood based on those criteria in a qualitative manner. Since the evaluation of urban development plans with a spatial justice approach is considered, the secondary analysis method has been used due to the nature of the issue. Based on the research findings, the principles of spatial justice in the form of 12 concepts including: consultation with the people, centralized participation, denial of deprivation and marginalization, respect for people's rights, fair distribution of resources, freedom, equality of opportunity, need to share in the public interest, entitlement inclusion, diversity and differences were identified. Analysis of the content of the documents of Farahzad neighborhood reorganization plan shows that this plan complies to some extent with some criteria of spatial justice such as central participation, consultation with people, entitlement, fair distribution of resources, freedom, equality of opportunity, rehabilitation and organization plan, Farahzad neighborhood while the criteria of denial of deprivation and marginalization, inclusion, and the need to share in the public interest have been at a lower ebb in the planning of reorganizing the Farahzad neighborhood. Farahzad neighborhood reorganization plan is a physical plan that has considered only some social justice criteria based on liberalism.
Ismaeel Jahanai Dolatabad; Rahman Jahanai Dolatabad
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of smart projects in the municipality of Region 2. In this study, the effectiveness of smart projects has been investigated in the form of Kirk Patrick's effectiveness model and using quantitative and qualitative methods and ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of smart projects in the municipality of Region 2. In this study, the effectiveness of smart projects has been investigated in the form of Kirk Patrick's effectiveness model and using quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques including survey, interview and hierarchical analysis. The findings of the quantitative section showed that the two projects, Pido and Bidood, with a very large difference compared to other projects are considered to be the most effective smart projects implemented in Region 2 of Tehran. for other projects the effectiveness is much lower than the first two projects. However, From this perspective the Allo Park application is in the third place, and the Smart Marginal Park and Rialo projects are in the next ranks. However, Capitankar and Urban Smart Kiosk are the least effective smart projects implemented in Region 2 . The results of the causation section showed that the failure of the studied projects is primarily related to managerial weakness and unprofessional decisions. Secondly, there is a lack of an interactive and participatory approach among various sectors, including organizational managers and program makers, contractors and citizens, thirdly, there are problems related to the implementation process and executive factors. In this regard, the application of the present study in three main areas, including the need for change in the decision-making system, the need for change in the participation system and the need for change in the implementation system has been developed and presented
Aliyeh Kazemi; Parichehr Nouri; Sara Aryaee
Abstract
Increasing demand for energy due to population growth and global warming has led to numerous environmental issues such as deforestation, destruction of the ozone layer, drought, storms, and floods. These have encouraged researchers to seek new ways to use clean, renewable energies. The construction of ...
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Increasing demand for energy due to population growth and global warming has led to numerous environmental issues such as deforestation, destruction of the ozone layer, drought, storms, and floods. These have encouraged researchers to seek new ways to use clean, renewable energies. The construction of Zero Energy buildings in Iran cities can be a significant step forward in economic development and pollution reduction in metropolitan areas. This study aims to identify and prioritize suitable cities in Iran to build Zero Energy buildings. For this purpose, the fuzzy Delphi and multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods have been used. The cities that are suitable for the construction of zero-energy buildings were selected through interviews with individuals who are experts in the fields of architecture, urban planning, and energy management and who are familiar with the construction of Zero Energy buildings, as well as considering the results of previous research and the characteristics of different cities. Then, with the fuzzy Delphi method, the necessary indicators for the priority of the selected cities were determined, and their weight was determined. After that, the cities were prioritized using MADM methods. The results showed that Yasuj, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Arak are suitable cities to build Zero Energy buildings in Iran.
Mohamad Hosein Ghadi; Mohammadsaleh Shokouhibidhendi; Vali Abedi Bizaki
Abstract
The expansion of cities has become a necessary matter due to urbanization. Thus, the expansion of transportation networks has become a necessity. This is causing a lot of problems in the neighborhoods which have been crossed by new roads. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ...
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The expansion of cities has become a necessary matter due to urbanization. Thus, the expansion of transportation networks has become a necessity. This is causing a lot of problems in the neighborhoods which have been crossed by new roads. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the supplementary project of the northern belt of Sari city to the residents of the 22 Bahman neighborhood. In this research, the data collection method is field and statistical (a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods). The Criteria of "access and services", "physical conditions" and "social situation" have been defined to measure the impact of the new communication path on the living conditions of the 22 Bahman neighborhood. Using the software of Expert Choice, an AHP technic has been applied to wight the criteria and subcriteria, and finally, the status of each of the criteria was evaluated. The results showed that the completion of the northern belt has created problems for the residents of the 22 Bahman neighborhood. The construction of the northern belt has the most effects on the criterion of access and services, then social status, and at last, physical conditions of the neighborhood. According to the studies, it seems that the completion of the northern belt project of the city was necessary, but it was vital to improve the method of project implementation so that the 22 Bahman residential neighborhood would not be divided into two separate parts and people living in the neighborhood would have fewer problems.
Hassan Mahmoudzadeh
Abstract
The spatial growth of the Osko area in the last few decades has caused issues such as land use change, urban disproportionate development, and environmental hazards. Rapid rapid urban pressures on land and around resources have led to vegetation reduction, open spaces decrease and serious social and ...
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The spatial growth of the Osko area in the last few decades has caused issues such as land use change, urban disproportionate development, and environmental hazards. Rapid rapid urban pressures on land and around resources have led to vegetation reduction, open spaces decrease and serious social and environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors affecting the physical development of the Okrug valley region, taking into account the sustainable urban spatial development of the ecological dimension and preserving its environmental conditions for the next decades. To do this, using Landsat 5 and 8 satellite multi-temporal satellite images, the object-oriented satellite image processing techniques of land use changes during the period of 1363-1363, with emphasis on the scattered expansion of the city of Osko, Khosroshahr and peripheral villages in the Osko valley ecosystem Has been evaluated. According to the results, urban area of the city of Osko, Khosroshahr and six perimeter villages has reached 10888.58 hectares (104 m2) in 2016 from 290.88 hectares in 1984.
514.62 hectares of the mentioned area have been made on the Garden and agricultural lands that require the management of future development based on the sustainable development principles. Therefore, effective factors of physical development of urban area of Osko valley identified in 15 layers and possibility of urban development map using logistic regression method was prepared. According to the results, the amount of area of the city of Osko, Khosroshahr and six perimeter villages has reached 10888.58 hectares (104 m2) in 2016 from 290.88 hectares in 1984. 514.62 hectares of the mentioned area have been made on the Garden and agricultural lands that require the management of future development based on the sustainable development principles. The simultaneous use of human and natural variables along with the application of variables such as urban development maps is one of the advantages of this research to determine the direction of development. After predicting the future pattern of urban development in the Osko Valley, using the strategy of protecting gardens and green spaces in the urban development process by blocking the urban development probability map, giving space for the development, extraction of the eastern natural green belt and green arcs and Applying the prohibition of development around the proposed green belt, maintaining the ecological reserves of the Osko Valley has been operationalized by reducing the degradation of gardens and controlling the growth and dispersal of cities and villages.
Ahmad Ghiasvand
Abstract
The present study investigates the attitude of the people of Tehran (District 19) towards wall painting depicted in the public spaces of city.The theory of stimulus-response was used to examine people's attitudes. The conceptual model had three processes: attention, accuracy, and acceptance. Also, ...
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The present study investigates the attitude of the people of Tehran (District 19) towards wall painting depicted in the public spaces of city.The theory of stimulus-response was used to examine people's attitudes. The conceptual model had three processes: attention, accuracy, and acceptance. Also, the functional, aesthetic, and identity effects of wall paintings were evaluated. A survey was used and the population of the study consisted of residents of District 19 in the year 2015/16. The sample size of 500 was calculated through the Cochran formula and a a two-stage sampling method was implemented. The results of the study show an increase in paintings of "Nature and Urban Life" more than any other theme. Attention and perception of wall paintings play an important role on the functional, identity, and aesthetic effects. Of course, the impact of perception component is more than attention. People's perceptions of wall paintings have been analyzed in three themes: "Nostalgic perception" (mainly wall paintings of martyrs, war, and officials), "religious identity perception" (mainly of religious paintings), and "critical perception" (other wall paintings).
Yaser Rahmaniani; Asghar Mohammadmoradi; Homeira Asgari
Abstract
Housing area is one of the aspects affecting the development and housing of people, which is more in small-scale units. The development of small housing in metropolitan areas is related to the economic, socio-cultural and physical spheres. This study tries to identify and prioritize the effectiveness ...
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Housing area is one of the aspects affecting the development and housing of people, which is more in small-scale units. The development of small housing in metropolitan areas is related to the economic, socio-cultural and physical spheres. This study tries to identify and prioritize the effectiveness of small-scale housing growth indicators. The research is conducted by using a qualitative method in extracting indicators and collecting residents' opinions along with a quantitative method to determine the effectiveness of independent variables based on a mixed approach. The research question is: What are the indicators that have led to the growth of attention to small-scale housing? What is the effectiveness and prioritization of these indicators based on the views of the residents of small-scale houses in the Nawab area of Tehran? To achieve the goal of the article, among the 22 regions, Nawab area was selected based on criteria such as the frequency of small housing, access to the metro and city bus transportation network, service centers, relative uniformity of architecture and urban planning of the area. The results show that there are 23 components extracted from the subject literature in different areas, seven of which have the most impact and are: cost-effectiveness, balancing the supply and demand of housing, proximity to the city center, prioritizing The quality of the interior, increasing the variety of housing and housing a wider range, optional versus forced choice and the possibility of more savings
Vandad Banaei Keshtan; Hasan Ahmadi; Hossein Zabihi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to use linguistic concepts and slang phrases in analyzing the content of the city text. The method used in this research is qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. For data collection, 37 real estate consultants from 22 districts of Tehran were selected for ...
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The purpose of this study is to use linguistic concepts and slang phrases in analyzing the content of the city text. The method used in this research is qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. For data collection, 37 real estate consultants from 22 districts of Tehran were selected for interviews by the accessible sampling method. They were asked to express slang phrases that are widely used in the field of residential transactions and the introduction of neighborhoods. Also, by referring to the real estate advertisements on the online platforms including Divar and Sheypoor, as well as the real estate consultants’ pages on the Instagram App, similar phrases were extracted. Next, the process of coding and categorizing these phrases was done in such a way that all phrases that had a common semantic theme were placed in the same category. Accordingly, 8 categories affecting the valuation of housing and neighborhoods based on slang phrases in terms of percentage of repetition were obtained, respectively, which are: 1- geographical features of the building land in the neighborhood and the city; 2- legal features; 3- building welfare facilities; 4- natural, climatic features and environmental conditions of the building; 5- properties of materials and life of the building; 6- slang features; 7- building service facilities; and 8- building engineering features. In terms of residential and neighborhood valuation in the context of the city, 5 categories are distorted, incorrect, or more than intrinsic value, and only 3 categories have parity equal to intrinsic value.
Kasra Ashouri; Kiomars Irandoost; Milad Dostvandi
Abstract
After the industrialization period, the phenomenon of poverty has been gradually replaced by spatial rotation and in the framework of the transition from rural and industrial phenomena to urban phenomena, and by reaching the second step of capital accumulation in cities, it has taken on new faceswhich ...
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After the industrialization period, the phenomenon of poverty has been gradually replaced by spatial rotation and in the framework of the transition from rural and industrial phenomena to urban phenomena, and by reaching the second step of capital accumulation in cities, it has taken on new faceswhich have always been reproducing. For decades, various names have been used to address this problematic, including slums, informal settlements, suburbs, shanty towns, problem areas, and so on. In this transition, at different levels in the world, heterogeneous views have been adopted to deal with this phenomenon, each of which has been the beginning of a dominant discourse on the issue. Each of these discourses, based on the political, economic, and social demands and requirements of society, and the shortcomings of the ruling discourse, reconstruct its semantic system and presents it as an effective system in overcoming society's challenges. In this regard, since the domination of capitalism until now, in the Development discourse, Culture of Poverty Discourse and pathology, various views and methods have been adopted to deal with poverty and spontaneous urban settlements. These discourses have directly affected the national situation and the current discourse in Iran. Likewise, the prevailing discourse and the policies and approaches that emerged from it in each period have directly influenced local conditions.
