Alireza Sabermanesh; Hasan Ahmadi; Naser Barati
Abstract
A proven methodology in various research is to confirm the cooperation required in the professional development of professors and teachers, to create of professional learning societies (PLC); Which provides a platform for professors of different departments of the university; In this regard, identifying ...
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A proven methodology in various research is to confirm the cooperation required in the professional development of professors and teachers, to create of professional learning societies (PLC); Which provides a platform for professors of different departments of the university; In this regard, identifying the components of urban planning education with emphasis on the relationship with learning communities as one of the ways to improve the knowledge, skills and writing of professors and students on the quantitative and qualitative issues of urban planning has been proposed. The present research is a basic research based on purpose; This research was qualitative; Therefore, in the present study, 12 experts in the field of urban planning were selected and data were collected through in-depth interviews. the data extracted from the collection process was coded in three steps to extract the final model based on it; We also coded the interviews to facilitate their understanding and extraction of results, which was done in three stages: subcategories, intermediate categories, and main categories.. After removing the commonalities, 89 subcategories were identified in the primary coding stage, 23 intermediate categories in the secondary coding stage, and 5 main categories in the final coding stage; Includes: quality of training, methods and tools; professors and coaches; Basic factors of education; Skills; The values and finally the relationships between the obvious categories and the conceptual model derived from the qualitative analysis method with an inductive approach were provided; Which was presented as the final model of the research.
Faranak Pouramin; Mostafa Behzadfar; Hadi Rezaeirad
Abstract
In recent decades, urbanization and the rapid growth of industrialization have led to the release of high heat energy and increased air pollution in the lower atmosphere, resulting in many changes in the meteorological committees of the boundary layer of the urban atmosphere. Therefore, the present study ...
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In recent decades, urbanization and the rapid growth of industrialization have led to the release of high heat energy and increased air pollution in the lower atmosphere, resulting in many changes in the meteorological committees of the boundary layer of the urban atmosphere. Therefore, the present study attempts to investigate the morphological and physical factors affecting urban temperature changes in the metropolis of Tehran. The research method is currently applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method along with various quantitative and qualitative analyzes. In this study, using remote sensing tools, the temperature map of Tehran has been obtained by using Landsat satellite images, which, based on the produced map, the western part of Tehran is the area under study Has been selected and physical and morphological indicators affecting urban temperature have been obtained through documents and field surveys. Then, the relationship and correlation between urban morphology factors affecting urban temperature changes in the study areas were analyzed through classical statistical modeling and as a result of the mentioned studies, the most effective factors in increasing the air temperature in the study area were obtained
Farzaneh Ghasemi; Abdollah Parsa; Yadollah Mehralizadeh; Sakineh Shahi
Abstract
This study aimed at designing a model for developing a learning city with a focus on the university role in metropolis city of Ahvaz. The research is based on the Grounded theory. The statistical population included faculty members of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and Ahvaz municipality managers. ...
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This study aimed at designing a model for developing a learning city with a focus on the university role in metropolis city of Ahvaz. The research is based on the Grounded theory. The statistical population included faculty members of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and Ahvaz municipality managers. Snowball sampling was purposeful and continued until the researcher reached a saturated decision after interviewing 23 samples. After analyzing the interviews’ data, 834 open codes extracted, 38 categories developed and following the three steps of coding, the learning city model was presented. The model focuses on the university with six main categories. The designed model could be used as a strategic or operational model in municipality of Ahvaz city. Based on the data, the consequences and implications of a collaboration between the city and university are as follows: social development and maturating of the citizens, developing social urban activities, increasing cultural and scientific associations, improving urban decisions, upgrading university and municipality cooperation, increasing public awareness and responsibility of the citizens and officials regarding the education, teaching, innovation in urban landscapes and landscape and the obligation of preparing tutorials for any projects in the learning city and improving the municipality collaboration in national and international levels.
Mohammadhossein Amjadi; Alireza Shakibai
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the policies implemented in the housing sector to reduce inequality in housing affordability in the urban areas of Iran. This study aimed to use the Gini coefficient and the data of the statistical plan of household income and expenditure surveys of the ...
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The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the policies implemented in the housing sector to reduce inequality in housing affordability in the urban areas of Iran. This study aimed to use the Gini coefficient and the data of the statistical plan of household income and expenditure surveys of the Center of Statistics of Iran in order to study inequality in housing affordability in urban housing in the form of three indicators of housing price to income ratio, the ratio of the cost of housing to the total household cost, and the space used by each person during the periods of 2006 and 2016. The results show that the highest level of inequality is related to the housing price to income ratio and the lowest is the ratio of cost of housing to total household costs. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient of income, the ratio of housing prices to income and space used by each person during the period under review is decreasing. Female head-of-households, illiterate head-of-households, and private-sector workers were identified as target groups supported by housing programs. The results suggest that increasing income inequality will increase inequality in housing. Hence, the adoption and implementation of appropriate policies and strategic plans to provide housing for people in need of society and reduce inequalities should be the priority of planners and policymakers in the housing sector.
Kasra Ketabollahi; Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi
Abstract
Islamic culture is one of the fundamental human issues that the comprehensiveness of the Holy Quran and authentic narrations are expected to have a proper answer to it. The primary purpose of this study is to identify the aspects of the effects of Islamic culture on the social relations of the residents ...
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Islamic culture is one of the fundamental human issues that the comprehensiveness of the Holy Quran and authentic narrations are expected to have a proper answer to it. The primary purpose of this study is to identify the aspects of the effects of Islamic culture on the social relations of the residents of the Sartapuleh neighborhood and to investigate the effect of physical elements with different functions, especially religious buildings, on the type of socialization of residents. Due to the decrease in the social importance of neighborhoods over time, this study aims to achieve a model to improve the social qualities of neighborhoods with cohesive elements. Therefore, from the content analysis method based on theoretical principles in social cohesion in accordance with the Holy Quran, the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH), and Nahj al-Balaghah, three components of good social cohesion or social cohesion including virtue, dignity, and participation were obtained. While preparing a questionnaire according to the examples of the above components, according to Cochran's formula, 100 residents and neighborhood businesses were selected as a sample, and the results showed that the components of dignity have a score of 3.44, virtue 3.36, and participation0.66. According to the standard analysis of the Likert Five-Scale Questionnaire, virtue and dignity are in the range of 2 to 3.5, ineffective, and the component of participation is in the opposite range. Finally, social cohesion is in relatively good condition, and suggestions are made to strengthen it.
Yasaman Nazimi; Kaveh Teymournejad; Karamollah Daneshfard
Abstract
Utilizing the innumerable capabilities of technology in the field of urban management also has tremendous consequences, and its development in the form of intelligent municipal services requires the proper management of human resource performance. Given the entry into the field of the Fourth Revolution ...
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Utilizing the innumerable capabilities of technology in the field of urban management also has tremendous consequences, and its development in the form of intelligent municipal services requires the proper management of human resource performance. Given the entry into the field of the Fourth Revolution and the development of a new paradigm called digital human resource management, various areas of the human resource management process, including human resource performance management, should be reviewed and updated based on this type of approach. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of explaining the pattern of human resource performance management in Tehran Municipality according to the requirements of the digital city. According to the meta-positivist philosophical presupposition, the present research method is applied in terms of purpose because its purpose is to develop an applied knowledge in the field of human resource management. All senior, middle and operational managers of Tehran Municipality were considered as the community and among them, 210 people were selected as a statistical sample based on simple random sampling method. A closed and researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 16 items was used as the main tool for data collection. SPSS and LISREL software were used for descriptive and inferential analysis. Finally, the research results led to the explanation of the human resource performance management model in Tehran Municipality according to the requirements of the digital city, including five dimensions and sixteen components, and the hypothetical relationships of the model in a large community were tested and confirmed.Abstract should be written in one paragraph and the subject matter (one or two sentences), purpose (one sentence), method (in two to three sentences including research design, statistical population, sample number, sampling method, intervention, instruments (Full name of the instrument, designer's name, and year of the design}, data analysis method (the name of the software used should not be stated), results (two to three sentences including key findings without mentioning the numbers) and conclusions (two sentences) (Verbs should be in past tense)
Bagher Rezai; Mohammadreza PakdelFard; Hasan Sattari Sarbangoli; Shabnam Akbari Namdar
Abstract
Mehr housing is one of the solutions to the housing shortage to provide housing for low-income people in the community. But in terms of architecture, from all spatial, physical, economic, and social dimensions, and residents' satisfaction, it suffers from numerous problems. This study aims to investigate ...
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Mehr housing is one of the solutions to the housing shortage to provide housing for low-income people in the community. But in terms of architecture, from all spatial, physical, economic, and social dimensions, and residents' satisfaction, it suffers from numerous problems. This study aims to investigate Mehr housing in terms of physical and social factors. The results of studies showed that comfort and security have the greatest impact on the housing architecture of the new city of Sahand. There is a significant relationship between physical components such as space form, space size, visual and environmental comfort, spatial organization and location, and sense of security, which unfortunately has not been considered in the design of Mehr housing. The beauty of the landscape as a criterion affecting the social quality of life of residents to date has resulted in nothing but the production of anhydrous, shapeless, uninspired, inanimate, monotonous, and without a specific spatial organization. Also, the factors of building strength in Mehr housing have been one of the challenges that have been linked to social debates in various studies, such as the lack of trust of Mehr housing residents in these complexes and the recent earthquakes and the role of these complexes in casualties. The lives and finances of the citizens have been lost, and the citizens of Mehr Housing have also lost their public trust in these complexes.
Shilan Heydarmanesh; Hamid Saberi; Mehri Azani; Amir Gandomkar
Abstract
The reduction of urban poverty in Abadan city will not be realized without the approach of empowerment and recognition of opportunities and threats of this path in the future. The purpose of this research is to identify the strategic drivers for basic planning to empower the poor residents of the inefficient ...
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The reduction of urban poverty in Abadan city will not be realized without the approach of empowerment and recognition of opportunities and threats of this path in the future. The purpose of this research is to identify the strategic drivers for basic planning to empower the poor residents of the inefficient oil fields of Shahr Abadan in 2041. The research method is strategic foresight. The techniques and software used are: environmental survey, analysis Cross effects, expert opinions, Micmac software. The variables in economic and social factors sectors have had the greatest impact on the formation system of poverty empowerment in the depressed areas of Abadan city, and the physical and managerial dimensions have had the least impact. Strategic drivers include improving the human capital of the poor, formulating national strategies to reduce urban poverty, institutionalizing social participation, reducing inflation, reducing corruption, government investment in poverty reduction, and investment in housing.
Leila Habibi; Amer Nikpour; Masoomeh Najafi
Abstract
Urban public spaces are considered as one of the most important urban spheres, with the highest number of encounters and interactions among individuals. Therefore, proper use and quality of public space is an important issue to be taken into consideration. Due to this, the use of public spaces by women ...
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Urban public spaces are considered as one of the most important urban spheres, with the highest number of encounters and interactions among individuals. Therefore, proper use and quality of public space is an important issue to be taken into consideration. Due to this, the use of public spaces by women is sometimes influenced by socio-physical factors, which makes an obstacle to the use of these spaces for them. The purpose of this research was to measure the sense of safety in urban spaces for women. This research is a type of quantitative research and in terms of data collection method, it is considered as descriptive-analytic research.Questionnaire containing 61 questions was designed about urban spaces including squares, streets and parks in Amol, and distributed among 450 respondents. Data collected has been analyzed by SPSS, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference between the components of the sense of safety and the attitude of women in urban spaces. Results of the analysis by the priority of each component regarding the degree of satisfaction of women with the quality of public spaces in different areas show that in the streets and parks the least feeling of safety and the highest share of the satisfaction of women from the public spaces is in the squares. Finally, there is a significant difference between Women's attitude on sensing safety in urban spaces and variables such as age, education, occupation, and the frequency of use of urban public spaces per week.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Mana Vahidbafandeh; Javad Imani Shamloo; Melika Fadavi; Niloofar Sultanvash
Abstract
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to public transportation systems worldwide, resulting in a substantial decrease in demand. In light of this, it is crucial to develop policies that mitigate potential risks and prioritize the health and safety of passengers. While the scientific ...
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to public transportation systems worldwide, resulting in a substantial decrease in demand. In light of this, it is crucial to develop policies that mitigate potential risks and prioritize the health and safety of passengers. While the scientific and collective understanding of the interplay between these two spheres is steadily growing, the absence of a comprehensive review focusing on sound policymaking is deemed significant. This present research aims to quantitatively synthesize and consolidate existing studies in the field to determine the effectiveness of various policies by examining overlapping sources and combining findings. The meta-analysis method was employed to fulfill the research objective, with both Persian and English scientific research articles constituting the statistical population. The search process involved manual selection and utilized relevant keywords such as "public transportation" and "COVID-19." Ultimately, a total of 50 scientific research articles (in Persian and English) were included as the final statistical population. For the execution of the meta-analysis, data were inputted into the Stata software, enabling the creation of a forest diagram (also known as an accumulation diagram). Furthermore, analytical connections between the research articles were established using the VOSviewer software. The findings of the synthesis reveal a profound research gap pertaining to the understanding of resource policies in this domain.
Keywords: Covid-19, Policy making, Public Transport, Meta-analysis.
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant and unprecedented challenge to the global public transportation sector. This crisis has led to a remarkable decrease in demand and revenue, affecting urban travel on a worldwide scale. While the decline in transportation activity has been observed across various modes, public transportation has been particularly impacted. In fact, the epidemic has caused a staggering 70% reduction in the utilization of public transportation services globally. Given the essential nature of public transportation for everyday commuting needs, complete cessation of services is impractical and not viable under any circumstances.
Public transportation systems are known to facilitate the spread of respiratory diseases due to the high concentration of passengers within confined spaces. Strong evidence indicates airborne transmission of the virus in enclosed environments—such as those encountered within these transportation networks. Despite this understanding, it is essential to acknowledge that many individuals heavily rely on public transportation as their primary means of travel due to economic constraints. Consequently, the precise role of public transport in the transmission of the virus remains undetermined.
Given the outlined issues, it becomes evident that a systematic categorization of the research conducted in this field is of utmost importance. Considerable investigation has already been undertaken to explore the impact of the novel coronavirus on public transportation. However, there exists a need for the present study to contribute to this body of knowledge by conducting a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Through this endeavor, the aim is to identify alternative and effective incentive policies that can enhance the demand for public transportation—a crucial mode of travel.
Literature Review
Respiratory infections typically spread through droplets and airborne particles, making closed environments more susceptible to transmission compared to open spaces. This poses a significant challenge for the public transportation sector. Governments worldwide have faced the necessity of implementing various policy measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, including initiatives focused on the quality control and management of public transportation routes, as well as addressing broader social aspects.
The epidemic has dealt a severe blow to public transportation systems, with the American Transportation Association reporting an astonishing 80% decrease in usage during the coronavirus outbreak. In the United States, a rapid decline in public transportation ridership can be attributed predominantly to concerns surrounding contagion. This decline has had profound ramifications, particularly for the transportation sector's workforce, resulting in significant job losses. Attention must be directed toward this critical issue, as it profoundly affects the economic aspects of the transportation industry.
Consequently, implementing appropriate strategies to improve the prevailing conditions and encourage a return to public transportation usage becomes imperative. Of particular significance is the persistent fear of contagion in public spaces, which continues to linger among the populace despite a reduction in the prevalence of the epidemic. Addressing this fear and restoring confidence in the safety of public transportation environments remain vital approaches to be considered.
Methodology
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses serve as indispensable tools for synthesizing and analyzing data from various studies related to a specific research topic. These methods have gained significant prominence across numerous fields in recent years and are widely acknowledged as instrumental approaches in research. Recognizing the significance of the research framework and the existing research gap concerning public transportation policies during the COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes imperative to prioritize the collection of relevant resources. Hence, the meta-analysis method emerges as the most appropriate technique for gathering comprehensive insights on this subject matter.
Results
The theoretical underpinnings of the research are foundational to the overall structure of the study, encompassing three key components, namely transportation, personal, and environmental and physical health. These components, as suggested by influential scholars such as Professor Stein, shape the core structure of the research. Upon conducting a comprehensive evaluation, it can be concluded that the theoretical foundations of the study possess notable strengths; however, they would benefit from further elucidation and organization. Findings from previous studies have also shed light on certain weaknesses within the research, including the absence of robust foundational theories, limited favorable conclusions in Persian articles, and a lack of primary sources. Furthermore, results from the analysis indicate that more than 45% of the reviewed articles lack a strong and coherent theoretical framework. On the other hand, over 46% of the articles (23 articles in total) draw upon diverse sources, which is regarded as a significant strength within the interpretive framework derived from the systematic review.
Conclusion
The global outbreak of the coronavirus has had a profound impact on various social and economic sectors, particularly in the realm of public transportation. Among the notable effects are significant reductions in intra-city travel and overall mobility within urban areas. In response, many governments were compelled to implement emergency measures, which included the adoption of restrictive policies aimed at curtailing non-essential trips and either closing or minimizing the utilization of public transportation networks. These policies played a crucial role in safeguarding public health and mitigating the transmission of the coronavirus, while concurrently necessitating the swift development and implementation of efficient solutions to ensure continued mobility. Noteworthy measures implemented in response to the pandemic encompassed a range of strategies, such as prioritizing individual health through practices like physical distancing and support for medical services. Additionally, efforts were made to enhance the efficiency of public transportation systems through the utilization of smart tools, segregation protocols, and other related initiatives. These policy considerations hold significant importance within the context of decision-making processes, as they address critical aspects of public health and effective urban transportation management.
Farnaz Sarbandi
Abstract
Today creative cities are very important, and they are in different subjects of creative industries. Cinematic cities are important in cultural, economic, social and even political aspects. Therefore, this paper’s goal is to study the capacities for fulfillment of creative cinematic city in the ...
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Today creative cities are very important, and they are in different subjects of creative industries. Cinematic cities are important in cultural, economic, social and even political aspects. Therefore, this paper’s goal is to study the capacities for fulfillment of creative cinematic city in the upstream documents, and to present strategies for the future. The used method was applied, qualitative and descriptive, and content analysis was also used for analyzing the upstream documents such as Iran 20-year vision plan, the sixth development plan etc. In presenting strategy for the future, documental method and interview (snow ball technique) were used. Results show that the documents have capacities for fulfillment of creative cinematic city, but are not enough and needs policymaking and urban planning. Therefore some strategies are presented in systemic model.
Tohid Ali Nejad; Siamak Panahi; Hasan Ebrahimi Asl; Akbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf
Abstract
The aim of this research is the comparative analysis of relationships and arrangement (syntax) of space in the perception of the spatial configuration of housing in Pahlavi period and contemporary houses in Urmia city. The present research method, due to the extraction of measurable and quantifiable ...
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The aim of this research is the comparative analysis of relationships and arrangement (syntax) of space in the perception of the spatial configuration of housing in Pahlavi period and contemporary houses in Urmia city. The present research method, due to the extraction of measurable and quantifiable criteria, is a combination of quantitative and qualitative strategies, which was carried out by syntactic analysis of six examples of house plans of the Pahlavi period and contemporary plans of Urmia. The findings of the research show that the spatial depth in the contemporary plans is more than the relative depth of the three plans of the Pahlavi period. The amount of connection in contemporary plans is low, in the sense that these buildings are dense. The spaces in the three sets of the Pahlavi period have a higher connection and in the three samples of the plan of the contemporary period, the difference between the spaces and the system is more. The spaces in the three sets of the Pahlavi period have a higher connection and in the three examples of the plan of the contemporary period, the difference between the spaces and the system is greater, and the level of control of the entire set in the 6 study samples is almost at the same level, except for the example of the contemporary plan 1, which has a higher level of control.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Sayyed Jalal Aldin Hosseini; Azita Rajabi; Afshin Safahan; Aliasghar Rezvani
Abstract
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) represents a significant facet of sustainable urban planning aimed at addressing urban traffic challenges through the strategic expansion of public transportation systems. District 11 within the municipality of Tehran exemplifies a central locality grappling ...
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Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) represents a significant facet of sustainable urban planning aimed at addressing urban traffic challenges through the strategic expansion of public transportation systems. District 11 within the municipality of Tehran exemplifies a central locality grappling with substantial traffic congestion and a multitude of challenges within its urban transportation network. This study endeavors to scrutinize the prospects of TOD implementation in District 11, with a focus on transforming the prevailing car-centric environment into a more human-centered space. Utilizing TOD indicators as evaluative benchmarks, the study seeks to gauge the district's current status and assess its potential for TOD integration. Employing an applied descriptive research approach, data acquisition via extensive literature review and document examination is conducted. Subsequent analysis is performed utilizing ArcGIS software, with methodologies such as the Kindal coefficient and Analytical Hierarchy Process facilitating data interpretation. Findings indicate a promising foundation for TOD implementation in District 11; however, the current setting lacks the necessary capacity to evolve into a fully-realized TOD hub. Addressing this shortfall necessitates comprehensive alterations in the area's spatial configurations to enable its transition into a robust TOD nucleus.
Keywords: Public Transportation, Tehran City, District 11 of Tehran, TOD.
Introduction
In light of the adverse repercussions of urban sprawl and the overreliance on private automobiles, contemporary urban planning has increasingly shifted its focus towards human-centered methodologies that prioritize pedestrian amenities, safety considerations, and overall societal well-being. A pivotal aspect of this paradigm shift is the strategic elevation of public transportation systems and associated reforms to foster sustainable urban environments. Globally recognized as a transformative approach in urban planning, transit-oriented development has emerged as a beacon of innovation, particularly in burgeoning cities plagued by spatial inadequacies and heightened urban densities. This progressive approach endeavors to optimize public transportation efficiency, reclaim thoroughfares from vehicular dominance, and nurture communities designed with human experiences at the core.
The prevailing oversight in transportation planning has exacerbated disparities between supply and demand, exacerbating challenges in densely populated urban locales. This study delves into the meticulous evaluation of transit-oriented urban transportation metrics within Tehran's District 11, benchmarking them against international best practices while appraising their potential to serve as the scaffolding for transit-oriented development initiatives. Key considerations such as the density of transit stations, accessibility metrics, pedestrian infrastructure quality, road network configurations, block dimensions, intersection densities, land-use diversity, and residential unit densities play a pivotal role in this evaluation.
Recognizing transportation as a linchpin for sustainable urban progress, the research underscores its profound impact on social dynamics, economic vitality, and environmental sustainability. It advocates for a holistic appraisal of transportation systems as an imperative requisite for nurturing sustainable urban developments.
Literature Review
In a scholarly inquiry conducted by Khazaei (2018) on the analysis and assessment of sustainable urban transportation indicators, a comprehensive array of 39 economic, social, and environmental metrics were employed to evaluate the sustainability of transportation within the purview of planning management bodies. Subsequently, Piran et al. (2019) undertook a study utilizing structural equation modeling techniques to analyze sustainable urban transportation indicators, focusing on Tehran Metro Lines 1 and 2. Their findings underscored that, from the citizens' perspective, physical indicators associated with quality of life emerged as the most significant drivers of change within sustainable urban transportation frameworks, whereas the accessibility metrics to densely populated areas exhibited minimal impact in comparison.
Barari (2020) delved into an investigation of the efficacy of green economy components within urban transportation strategies, with Sari city as a case study. Leveraging a multi-criteria decision-making model, specifically the DEMATEL phase, Barari determined that the sub-criteria of development and non-motorized transportation wielded the most substantial weight and direct influence, thereby exerting a pivotal role in advancing green transportation initiatives within Sari city.
Moreover, the scholarly discourse encapsulated in the works of Litman (2015), Levin et al. (2016), Ovink et al. (2017), Noland et al. (2017), Ma et al. (2018), and others underscores the paramount significance of transportation as a foundational element in shaping urban landscapes. These scholars advocate for a paradigm shift towards human-centric environments over vehicle-centric spaces, thereby addressing critical human mobility concerns.
Additionally, Chen et al. (2022) propounded a methodology for assessing the resilience of urban transportation systems through the lens of economic, social, organizational, and technological dimensions. Their proposed framework aims to furnish managers and decision-makers with a comprehensive comprehension of transportation resilience, thereby elucidating its practical import in fortifying the foundations of a sustainable urban transportation system.
Moreover, Tiwaree et al. (2023) undertook a meticulous exploration into the principles of transportation development, with a particular emphasis on form analysis within two distinct study areas. Their study meticulously examines the economic and social characteristics intertwined with travel patterns, striving to establish a cogent linkage between urban form and the potential benefits engendered by the ethos of public transportation-oriented development.
Methodology
The present study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach in its delineation and application. Comprising two distinct stages, namely a comprehensive literature review and subsequent field investigation, the research endeavor unfolds intricately. Initially, a meticulous compilation of theoretical underpinnings pertinent to transit-oriented development norms was systematically amassed through a rigorous examination of both internal and external scholarly sources, alongside a thorough review of antecedent studies. Leveraging a synthesis and critical analysis of these scholarly insights, a series of ranking tables were meticulously crafted. These tables were predicated upon a diverse set of criteria encompassing the number of stations, station accessibility, pedestrian pathway quality, proximity to major hubs, network street configuration, block dimensions, intersection density, land-use diversity, activation of urban edges, district classification, and residential unit density. Subsequently, the meticulously developed standards were then applied to assess the current status of the designated study areas through a judicious application of statistical tools and sophisticated software methodologies, with a particular emphasis placed on Geographic Information System (GIS) software, notably ARC GIS 10.3. This technological arsenal facilitated the evaluation and cartographic representation of the intricate road network structures within the study area, notably Zone 11, a pivotal locale situated at the heart of Tehran. Encompassing a land expanse of 12 square kilometers, Zone 11 constitutes approximately 1.8% of Tehran's total terrain and shares its boundaries with Zones 6, 10, 12, 16, and 17. Renowned for hosting a plethora of critical political, economic, and educational institutions, including foreign embassies, military installations, and bustling markets, Zone 11 emerges as a strategically imperative locale that attracts a substantial footfall of visitors. The area's allure is further accentuated by its rich historical legacy and vibrant cultural milieu, with a profusion of iconic landmarks and cultural hubs dotting its landscape. The confluence of major thoroughfares, central squares, and the bustling railway station engenders a daily flurry of vehicular and pedestrian traffic, with an estimated two million passengers traversing through the area routinely. The coexistence of antiquated garages and architectural marvels, alongside esteemed cultural edifices such as theaters, Unity Hall, and the Cultural Axis of the Revolution, lends a distinctive charm to Zone 11, mandating concerted urban development and reinvigoration initiatives for its sustained growth and vitality.
Results
Drawing upon the established benchmarks set forth by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policies (ITDP) for scrutinizing criteria governing public transport development, this evaluation centers on three pivotal indicators pertaining to land-use mix. The analysis hinges on delving into the array of land-use typologies surrounding public transport nodes, utilizing a hybrid methodology that melds quantitative assessments with qualitative insights. Tables 1 and 2 encapsulate the nuanced land-use profiles characterizing Zone 11 in the urban matrix of Tehran, offering a detailed exposition of the prevailing landscape.
Evidently, both demarcated zones exhibit a consonance with the four delineated land-use categories, albeit showcasing varying degrees of quality and intensity across these domains. Within Zone 11, the domain earmarked for transport and storage commands a dominant presence, constituting a substantial 37% of the terrain, with administrative facilities accounting for an additional 6%, thereby collectively claiming over 40% of the land area. Meanwhile, residential land utilization emerges as the predominant feature, commanding a significant 44.51%, whereas commercial activities occupy a modest 5.96%, with educational establishments occupying a minor 1.78% share. Such a diverse mosaic underscores a heterogeneous blend of land uses within the locale.
However, the diagnostic evaluation intimates a discernible lacuna in the facilitation of conducive conditions for public transport augmentation, primarily a result of the pervasive prevalence of land-use categories that deviate from the overarching objective of serving as pivotal origins and destinations for commuting endeavors. This discrepancy assumes significance, particularly in light of the critical adjacency of pivotal amenities and infrastructural nodes such as markets, railway hubs, and medical facilities situated beyond the purview of the immediate study terrain, thus warranting a recalibration of the existing urban fabric to harmonize with the imperatives of efficient public transport infrastructure.
Table 2. Land-use Density in Tehran Zone 11
Land Use Type
Area
Percentage
Density
Residential
95.536
51.44
22.37
Commercial
91.71
9.65
9.92
Educational
55.21
7.81
8.90
Higher Education
35.4
3.60
1.80
Cultural
21.7
6.00
3.00
Religious
41.6
5.40
2.60
Tourism
87.1
1.50
0.80
Healthcare
5.19
6.11
8.10
Recreational
4
3.30
1.60
Sports
2.3
2.50
1.20
Administrative
13.24
2
1
Table 2. Entropy Index Results
Zone 11 Tehran
A
InA
A*InA
Residential
0.31
1.34
0.32
Commercial
0.06
-3.16
-0.75
Administrative
0.3
-0.61
-0.42
Open Space
0.14
-1.28
-0.298
∑Σ
1
-
-1.058
The outcomes of the entropy index analysis substantiate a notable degree of constancy in land use amalgamation within the studied context. By heeding the prescriptions outlined in Tehran's overarching urban blueprint for Zone 11 and aligning with the envisaged shifts in land use dynamics, the region stands poised to ascend towards a more optimal equilibrium by operationalizing the recommended land use configurations. Such strategic interventions hold promise in fostering the realization of a public transport-centric development agenda, underpinned by a judicious calibration of land use patterns conducive to enhancing the overall fabric of the urban milieu.
Discussi0on
The scholarly research conducted in Zone 11 of Tehran scrutinizes the pertinent development metrics concerning transit-oriented urban transportation. Findings exhibit a spectrum of adherence to global benchmarks, characterized by instances of relative congruence alongside notable disparities. The investigation discerns latent prospects for the region to metamorphose into a pivotal locus of transit-oriented development, underscored by the imperative of effecting sweeping spatial transformations. Strategic directives encompass the augmentation of commercial and recreational diversification in the proximity of transit nodes, the amelioration of economic vitality, and the prioritization of seamless public transportation integration. Remedial actions entail the overhaul of road infrastructures, the optimization of pedestrian realms, and the implementation of meticulous transit-oriented development blueprints. While certain locales may encounter impediments in effecting land use modifications, others proffer auspicious conditions conducive to assuming the mantle of transit-oriented nuclei.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Abozar Qaseminejad; Mohsen Shabestar; Aliasqar Esmaeilzadeh
Abstract
In contemporary society, marginalization has emerged as a significant social issue, imposing formidable barriers to social development. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the causal and contextual factors contributing to the stagnation of social development among marginalized residents of ...
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In contemporary society, marginalization has emerged as a significant social issue, imposing formidable barriers to social development. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the causal and contextual factors contributing to the stagnation of social development among marginalized residents of Pakdasht and Qiyam-Dasht. The study population consists of individuals residing in the marginalized areas of Pakdasht and Qiyam-Dasht, who were purposively and theoretically sampled. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 38 residents from these areas, with the criterion of theoretical saturation determining the termination of interviews. The data analysis followed the grounded theory method, employing the Straussian approach. The research findings reveal the causal conditions for the suspension of social development, including mutual irreversibility, transient and instrumental actions, weak self-concept, intergenerational perpetuation of poverty, and limited access to resources. Furthermore, the grounds contributing to the stagnation of social development manifest through categories such as divergent roles, gaps in social awareness, inadequate resource availability and reference groups, erosion of family boundaries, and institutional distrust. The outcomes illuminate that the mosaic structure of these regions has been shaped by ethnic conflicts and identity clashes. The dominance of ethnic pursuits, stemming from these conflicts and regressive ideologies, has hindered societal convergence. Furthermore, identity conflicts, exacerbated by profound inequalities, have impeded the adaptation of these ethnic groups to the modern world, particularly in the context of Tehran. Consequently, individuals in these areas tend to engage in transient and utilitarian actions, limiting the establishment of sustainable social interactions and impeding social development.
Introduction
Currently, within the realm of development, new themes have emerged that underscore the significance of people and their social capabilities. The prominence and position of social development as one of the four dimensions of development (including social, economic, cultural, and political dimensions) becomes evident when studying the progress of development theory and initiatives. This evolution represents a shift from a primary focus on economic aspects to encompass cultural and social dimensions. The emphasis on quantitative measures has been superseded by the concept of "human development" and a greater consideration of its comprehension and implementation. Theoretical and empirical advancements substantiate that social development is a pivotal element of development, characterized by inherent requisites. To achieve this, it necessitates governmental policy-making and planning, which are integral to the overall pursuit of development. Equally vital is the extent to which the society and its citizens (particularly marginalized populations) comprehend, embrace, and incorporate these policies and programs into their daily lives. This study sets out to address this latter aspect, aiming to gain insights into the social development dynamics among the marginalized residents of Pakdasht and Qiyamdasht areas. Specifically, it seeks to explore how the experiences of marginalization have influenced their understanding of social development and shaped their social actions within their daily lives. Employing a qualitative, deep, and comprehensive approach, this study will examine the social development among marginalized individuals, shedding light on diverse dimensions through an exploration of their lived experiences.
Literature Review
Prior research has extensively examined social development across various dimensions, including women's participation (Allen, 1985; Boland, 1987; Glicken, 1979; Thomas and Sina, 2009), education (Bradshaw and Graham, 2007; Resnik, 1997), local communities (Daly and Winter, 1978; Velosky and Monroe, 2009), and others. Moreover, several studies have addressed the assessment of social development rankings within Hamedan province's cities (Zofari et al., 2009), the examination of social development indicators and rankings across the country's provinces (Firouzabadi et al., 2010), the investigation into Iran's social development indicators and international position (Fazli et al., 2012), the exploration of human and social development indicators (Gay et al., 2017), the assessment of Iran's current social development status (Riahi, 2010), the examination of dimensions within social development theory (Jacobs and Cleveland, 2007), the identification of dimensions and components within the five development programs (Jaghtai et al., 2015), the analysis of social development in Tehran city (Asgharpour Masoleh et al., 2013), the adoption of a social development approach in poverty alleviation programs in Iran (Qanai-Rad, 2004), and the conceptualization and measurement of social development (Madani and Roshfekr, 2014), among others.
Furthermore, there have been studies conducted by foreign and domestic researchers that focus on the perspective of marginalized individuals themselves. For instance, studies such as Martin's exploration in 2000 in Lima, Tupac, Perlman's investigation in 2010 in Argentina and Rio de Janeiro, Safa's analysis in 1974 in Puerto Rico, San Juan, Oiro's examination in 1988 in Argentina, Ghanem's study in 1997 in Cairo, Sharma's research in 1991 in Sarga, India, Piran's work in 1373, Ismaili and Omidi's inquiry in 2011 in Islamabad, Parsapzoh's study in 1381 in Islamabad, and Pereghi et al.'s investigation in 1383 in Isfahan provide valuable insights into the phenomenon of marginalization. It should be noted that unlike the aforementioned studies that primarily focused on social development, these studies delved into the complexities of marginalization.
Methodology
This scholarly research study employed a qualitative approach, adopting a data-based strategy. The targeted population consisted of all adult citizens aged 18 and above residing in the marginalized regions of Pak-Dasht and Qiyam-Dasht, from which a sampling process was implemented. It is worth noting that, based on information provided by the municipality and governorate, these regions encompass eight districts within the city of Pakdasht, while being limited to a single district in Qiyam-Dasht. However, it is important to highlight that the selection of interview participants was not solely based on the criteria set forth by the municipality and governorate. This is because certain locations, despite exhibiting characteristics associated with marginalization in social, economic, and physical terms, were not officially classified as such. Additionally, the researcher's understanding and identification of the extent of marginalization in specific cases differed from the mappings provided by official coordinates. To ensure a purposive and theoretical sampling, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with a total of 38 residents living in the aforementioned areas.
Results
This study delves into the bottlenecks of social development among marginalized communities, adopting an internal and micro-level perspective. The rapid growth of Pakdasht and Qiyam-Dasht has had profound impacts on the environmental and social dynamics of the region, manifesting in various forms. Particularly in Pakdasht, the presence of diverse ethnic groups contributes to the existence of distinct customs. However, due to the marginalized status of a significant portion of the population, these customs are not prominently observed. Consequently, a pervasive condition has emerged, characterized by income poverty, as well as social and cultural impoverishment. This predicament engenders insurmountable contradictions when confronted with the prevailing inequalities within the metropolis of Tehran. Daily life revolves primarily around livelihood pursuits and aspiring to attain essential societal values such as adequate housing, good health, and quality education. Unfortunately, these circumstances often undermine individuals' ability to engage in purposeful actions aimed at fostering a renewed sense of community and belonging within their place of residence. Moreover, the actions taken in this context are chiefly driven by individual rationality and economic cost-benefit considerations. Consequently, the social dimension is inadvertently sidelined, despite its pivotal role in shaping social development and the potential to establish new foundations for personal identity based on collective accomplishments.
Seyyed Mohammadmahdi Hosseinikia; Negar Khiabanchian; Hadi Rezaei Rad
Abstract
A successful urban space has a wide range of subjective and objective components, and paying attention to physical indicators plays a decisive role in creating a "successful" place. One of its strategies is the development of pedestrian zones in cities. This research has been carried out in search ...
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A successful urban space has a wide range of subjective and objective components, and paying attention to physical indicators plays a decisive role in creating a "successful" place. One of its strategies is the development of pedestrian zones in cities. This research has been carried out in search of the answer to what factors can contribute to the success of pedestrianization projects and place development. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the pedestrianization project of two streets leading to the central square of Hamedan City before and after implementation to investigate the qualitative and quantitative components of the place. The research method combines qualitative and quantitative methods, and observations, interviews, and questionnaires are used to collect information, along with library and documentary studies. The research findings indicate that in this case study, unlike sociability, the three indicators of accessibility, uses and activities, comfort and mental image creation have not improved much. In addition to that, there is a strong relationship between interconnectedness and sociability. Furthermore, improving the quality of the place cannot be done in a one-dimensional way and with a narrow view of specific components. It requires that pedestrianization projects are implemented considering all the components.
Keywords: Pedestrian Zone, Successful Place, PPS Matrix, Spatial Arrangement, Urban Square.
Introduction
Extensive studies in the field of pedestrianization implementation have become a new topic in the development of Iran. Most of these researches are in three categories: 1- feasibility studies, 2- evaluation of the social effects of the implementation of such projects, and 3- providing solutions to carry out this process. Studies have been conducted on various social, historical and urban design consequences. The commonality of the current research is in the investigation of the spatial components of pedestrian construction with these investigations, and its special place among these studies is the measurement of the qualitative components of the pedestrian place with a comparative approach to investigate the quality success.
Methodology
This practical research is considered a subset of qualitative and quantitative analysis. To answer the research question, that is, how and to what extent pedestrianization can lead to the improvement of the quality components of the place, and to collect the required information, in addition to library and document studies using tools and analysis, and observing primary qualitative information through review, observations, identification, descriptions and characteristics of the study area (Imam plaza) were done in terms of the environment. Then, interviews were started by distributing questionnaires among the people using the study area. The questions were set by putting the sociability items in the PPS matrix and using the Delphi method. In the end, the answers were explained. Due to these, urban sidewalks are one of the urban public places, and the opinion of urban field experts about the success of an urban public place, the PPS matrix was the closest model to these components. Furthermore, a quantitative measurement tool was needed to analyze space syntax to clarify the hidden dimensions of the components of the place in the qualitative investigation.
Results & Discussion
The findings indicate a special relationship between the correlation index in quantitative analysis and the qualitative sociability index. As a result, the quantitative test confirms the results of the qualitative analysis regarding the promotion of sociability in the field of Bu-Ali after the implementation. The reason for this is the higher macro-intermediate connection in Bu-Ali compared to Ekbatan. This is despite the local connection being more in Ekbatan than Bu-Ali. It shows the ratio of comparisons of sociability with connectivity in the two axes of Bu-Ali and Ekbatan before and after the implementation of pedestrianization. It also confirms the relevance and complementarity of qualitative and quantitative research presented in previous studies and knowledge.
Conclusions
It shows examples of holistic and not reductive urban design to create a "successful" place. It also states that a quality and sustainable design cannot highlight one aspect and expect growth in full force. The development of pedestrianization should consider the use of land and buildings as well as urban infrastructure and "access and links, comfort and image, applications and activities" in the design considerations. In future studies, other aspects, such as the economic component, can be addressed, and the current research results can be used for such scientific studies.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Hassan Hoveizavi; Hamid Saberi; Mehri Azani; Fereshte Ahmadi
Abstract
Third places, as one of the most obvious arenas of identity,culture, and civilization, are a suitable platform for finding a comprehensive view of the quality of urban environments and citizens' quality of life. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of urban third places in the environmental ...
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Third places, as one of the most obvious arenas of identity,culture, and civilization, are a suitable platform for finding a comprehensive view of the quality of urban environments and citizens' quality of life. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of urban third places in the environmental quality of Ahvaz City.This research was conducted with a quantitative approach, using a survey method and relying on library-documentary studies in 1402 in Ahvaz City. The statistical population is all the citizens of Ahwazi (885,000 people) in 2015, which were evaluated using Cochran's formula of 390 people as a sample size and randomly using a researcher-made questionnaire. ANOVA tests, regression analysis, one-sample t-tests, path analysis, etc. were used to analyze the data. The findings show that all 10 investigated indicators were higher than the base average(3). It was also determined in the regression model that the predictor variables explain(R2=0.741) the variance of the criterion variable(environmental quality).And region6(average 4.08) was superior to the other 8 regions of Ahvaz in terms of environmental quality. The results showed; The quality of the environment and the level of satisfaction of the citizens of Ahvazi with the third places of the city, according to the local culture of the residents of this city, has a close relationship with the state of the third places of this city(with a factor load of 0.722). As environmental quality decreases due to various factors; It can affect many third places of this city as turning points of human societies.
Najma Esmailpoor; Vahid Mahmoudy; Fatemah Esmaeilpoor
Abstract
A large part of the urban in Iranian cities has been affected by physical, economic, and social burnout. This burnout has become a concern for managers. Urban regeneration is one of the effective ways to solve burnout, and one of the ways to promote citizen participation is capacity building. This process ...
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A large part of the urban in Iranian cities has been affected by physical, economic, and social burnout. This burnout has become a concern for managers. Urban regeneration is one of the effective ways to solve burnout, and one of the ways to promote citizen participation is capacity building. This process involves creating educational opportunities for people through raising awareness, trust and empowering them. The research method is descriptive, and consists of descriptive analysis and one-sample T-test to measure the desirability of the variables and Pearson and Regression correlation have been used for determining the intensity of the relationship between variables. Finding showed that among the components of "Social Capacity Building", only the components of participation and social commitment are at the desired level and other components are in a relatively unfavorable and unfavorable situation. Social capacity building strategies are also in a very unfavorable position. Social participation in urban regeneration are also relatively unfavorable.The variable "Citizen Participation" in regeneration has a good correlation with the variable "Social Capacity" and "Social Capacity Building Strategies". The role of the organizational network in promoting the social capacity of Fahadan is prominent. Promoting the capacity building processes can promote the participation in regenerating this neighborhood. Regression model, the relationship between capacity building strategies and social capacity of Fahdan in the regeneration process was introduced.
Aliasghar Kia; Bahar Zand Razavi
Abstract
The public sphere is a phenomenon that implies processes and Spaces offree social communications which are equal in regard of political aspect andsimultaneously independent. The public sphere is recognized as a territory ofsocial life where individuals can debate freely matters of interests. Aterritory ...
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The public sphere is a phenomenon that implies processes and Spaces offree social communications which are equal in regard of political aspect andsimultaneously independent. The public sphere is recognized as a territory ofsocial life where individuals can debate freely matters of interests. Aterritory in which differences can be brought up and solved through logicaldiscussion, without referring to dogmatism or the traditional orders issued byconventions.The main component of the formation of public sphere is participation.The social capital component seems crucial for formation of sustainableparticipation in the public sphere. A capital that provides mutual trust fortaking part in the discussion, and consequently it makes the agreementpossible.This paper studies Neshat Park in Kerman city with case study and byusing two methods of observation and questioner to measure the socialcapital and indices of human city as a proper platform for social sustainableinteraction. It displays how the proper public physical space is crucial forrealization of the basic aspects of the public sphere.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Hamidreza Saremi; Peyman Omidi
Abstract
The city of Tehran has experienced a significant population increase, approximately twenty times, in the last century. Consequently, it is plagued with traffic issues for most of the year. To alleviate congestion, one solution is to shift transportation mode shares from private motor vehicles ...
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The city of Tehran has experienced a significant population increase, approximately twenty times, in the last century. Consequently, it is plagued with traffic issues for most of the year. To alleviate congestion, one solution is to shift transportation mode shares from private motor vehicles to more sustainable modes, as proposed by Transit Oriented Development (TOD). The increasing traffic congestion problems in cities have made applying TOD more essential than ever. This research aims to evaluate, analyze, and plan development within the catchment area of Monirieh Metro Station based on TOD principles. The practical research methodology begins by introducing TOD principles and evaluating the characteristics of the study area according to ITDP standards. The results indicate that the catchment area of Monirieh metro station fails to meet TOD standards. In other words, the city planning prioritizes motor vehicles over pedestrians, suggesting a car-oriented approach.
Keywords: Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Metro Station, Catchment Area, Walking, Monirieh.
Introduction
Transit-oriented development (TOD) refers to the creation of high-density mixed-use developments in close proximity to public transportation stations. Such developments aim to create vibrant neighborhoods with an enhanced quality of life, ultimately reducing reliance on personal automobiles and saving time for residents. While TOD is not a panacea for the challenges faced by modern urban centers, it represents a promising start towards improving the current state of cities (Belzer, 2002).
The growing issues caused by traffic congestion in the country have highlighted the need for TOD. Over two decades have passed since the launch of the metro in Tehran, with further development expected in the future. It is imperative that this infrastructure be utilized more effectively within the context of TOD to enhance accessibility for citizens. Unfortunately, such efforts have been largely neglected in practice.
This paper aims to address the question: to what extent has TOD been implemented in the catchment area of the Moniriyeh metro station?
To answer this question, the first step is to review relevant literature and theories, identify and refine the criteria for TOD, evaluate and measure the criteria and indicators in the area surrounding the station, and finally, plan for the implementation of a public transportation-based development model that maximizes advantages. Ultimately, it is important to strategically plan for the implementation of TOD while taking into account its many benefits.
Methodology
The current research is categorized as an applied study based on its subject and characteristics, specifically the evaluation and examination of development in the catchment area surrounding the Monirieh metro station within the context of TOD. The study is analytical in nature, aiming to introduce the key features of the TOD model through a comprehensive understanding of its principles and by reviewing relevant literature and theories from both national and international sources. Through comparing the indicators of the studied area against the criteria for TOD proposed by ITDP, the desirability of this type of development will be assessed. Ultimately, recommendations will be provided to guide the implementation of this development model.
Results & Discussion
The Moniriyeh metro station received a TOD evaluation score of only 37 out of the total possible points. While it scored optimally in some objectives, it falls short of the main standards for TOD. However, by implementing short, medium and long-term planning strategies, the area's score can be raised to bronze or silver status. The primary objective of TOD is to improve walkability and reduce reliance on cars. As Speck (2018) argues, enhancing walkability and reducing car usage requires attention to four key factors in planning: comfort, attractiveness, safety, and logical design for walking. When people view walking as an enjoyable and practical alternative to driving, they will naturally choose to walk instead.
Conclusion
The present research indicates that failure to adhere to any of the principles of TOD can lead to numerous issues. Neglecting the ratio between residential and non-residential land use in a station's catchment area, for instance, results in longer trips and increased intra-city travel. To shift away from car-oriented development towards human-oriented development, it is essential to adopt a human-scale approach. This entails scaling down designs and paying meticulous attention to details. However, implementing TOD in the current context faces several challenges; including Iran's urban planning system's (M-S-R-G) zoning regulations, which limit catchment area diversity within the metro station.
Firooz Jafari; Afshar Hatami; Sepideh Noori
Abstract
To achieve a sustainable society, it is necessary to recognize the levels of vulnerabilities versus natural risks and root the causes of socio-physical differences. Based on this, recognizing vulnerability and socio-spatial pattern of that is the base of policy making toward reducing vulnerability and ...
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To achieve a sustainable society, it is necessary to recognize the levels of vulnerabilities versus natural risks and root the causes of socio-physical differences. Based on this, recognizing vulnerability and socio-spatial pattern of that is the base of policy making toward reducing vulnerability and increasing resiliency. The objective of this research is to evaluate and rank the levels of socio-physical vulnerability of Ardabil province counties versus earthquake. This research from view of objective is applied and from view of nature and research method is a descriptive - analytic study. The required data for the study has been gathered from the reports of population and housing sections of national census center. To rank the counties in terms of distribution index, TOPSIS and to express the relationship between variables geographical weighted regression (GWR) has been used. The results of research indicate that in terms of social vulnerability Pars Abad County is on the very high zone and Ardabil County is on the very low zone. In contract, in terms of physical vulnerability, Meshkin County is on the very high zone and Ardabil County is on the very low zone. The results of combination of social and physical indexes in TOPSIS model showed that, Ardabil County with score of 0.580 is on the very low zone and Meshkin County with score of 0.411 is on the very high zone of vulnerability. Finally analysis of geographical weighted regression (GWR) indicated that there is direct and significant relationship between population and vulnerability.
Zohreh Farzinfar; Amirreza Konjkav monfared; Seyed Mohammad Tabataba'i Nasab
Abstract
Psychological ownership has been considered as one of the main topics of management introduced in the field of knowledge of management, psychology and organizational behavior. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the psychological ownership in urban tourism. The research method ...
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Psychological ownership has been considered as one of the main topics of management introduced in the field of knowledge of management, psychology and organizational behavior. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the psychological ownership in urban tourism. The research method is Meta Synthesis. The statistical population includes valid and available articles in the Emerald, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. A total of 42 studies relevant to the research topic were selected as the sample. The purposive sampling (non-random) method has been used and the data collection method is a systematic study. The study's validity was evaluated using CASP analysis and its reliability was confirmed using the Kappa coefficient. Research findings indicate that factors affecting the psychological ownership should be identified to achieve success of psychological ownership. These factors include personality, autonomy, perceived justice, perceived control by the tourist, motivation, investment of tourists in tourism, Tourists' national attachment, perceived brand reputation, the pseudo-ownership advertising appeal, self-concept, socio-cultural factor, knowledge creation, high-performance work system and sense of power.
Bahram Imani; Mohamad Hasan Yazdani; Solmaz Rohipour
Abstract
Industrial application is one of the applications whose proper layout can protect the natural and human environment from the negative effects of the deployment of industrial use. Hence, in this study, considering the standards of safety and accessibility of natural and human criteria in the city of Ardabil, ...
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Industrial application is one of the applications whose proper layout can protect the natural and human environment from the negative effects of the deployment of industrial use. Hence, in this study, considering the standards of safety and accessibility of natural and human criteria in the city of Ardabil, a land zoning of Ardabil was carried out to determine the appropriate location for the establishment of industries. The research was conducted with application purposes in mind, and in terms of its nature and method, it was a descriptive and analytical research, which means that using the existing standards, the industries are located in the studied area. The results of this research indicate that the lands suitable for the establishment of industry of 43720 hectares of land are included in the study area. Given that the AHP model only has the ability to identify suitable and unsuitable areas for the establishment of industries and cannot determine priority and preference fo the deployment of industries in the appropriate places, the capabilities of the ARC MAP software were used to identify and isolate entire areas suitable for at least 200 hectares. Using the VIKOR model and the 8 effective criteria for locating industries, he identified areas were prioritized. The results of the research show that the current location of the industry in the city of Ardabil is in conflict with the optimal areas identified. Also, 6 new areas for the establishment of industrial units in the Ardebil district were identified and prioritized for the establishment of industries in these areas.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
firouz jafari; rasoul ghorbani; sara saheli
Abstract
Urban streets are dynamic spaces with a sense of movement, which are designed for use by pedestrians and riders, or sometimes only on foot.These spaces often do not respond properly to the needs of the people who use them, and people look at the street as a path just for riding.The purpose of this research ...
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Urban streets are dynamic spaces with a sense of movement, which are designed for use by pedestrians and riders, or sometimes only on foot.These spaces often do not respond properly to the needs of the people who use them, and people look at the street as a path just for riding.The purpose of this research is to fully and comprehensively identify the effective indicators in improving the quality of city streets.This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of method, using the Delphi technique and the method of structural equations.By using documentary and library methods, opinions and views of experts have been summarized and presented in the form of default indicators.In the first stage, the statistical population of the research was considered to be 20 experts in the field under study.Based on the results of the questionnaire,the initial indicators were analyzed in several stages using the fuzzy Delphi technique, and the final indicators were measured for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.In order to finally confirm the indicators extracted from the first stage, confirmatory factor analysis method was used to create a structural equation model. In this section, due to the unknown statistical population, using Cochran's formula, the size of the statistical population was considered to be 384 normal people. Finally, using Friedman's test, the indicators were ranked to determine the effectiveness of each one.The results of the findings are a complete identification of the effective indicators identified in improving the quality of Shahid Beheshti Street in Karaj.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Mahsa Ghane; Ali Asgar Abbasi Asfajir; Ali Rahmani Firuzjah
Abstract
Quality of life (QOL) is a fundamental concept in social sciences that focuses on both objective and subjective dimensions. The quality of relationships, community, and shared experiences greatly influences people's success, satisfaction, and overall well-being. In Kermanshah, Iran, city ...
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Quality of life (QOL) is a fundamental concept in social sciences that focuses on both objective and subjective dimensions. The quality of relationships, community, and shared experiences greatly influences people's success, satisfaction, and overall well-being. In Kermanshah, Iran, city crossings have caused physical changes and social resolutions. This research examines the relationship between social capital and QOL in Kermanshah. The study surveyed residents in regions 1, 2, and 4 using questionnaires distributed throughout these areas. Inferential analysis was conducted using SPSS software to measure the relationship between social capital variables (structural, normative, cognitive dimensions) and QOL (objective, subjective dimensions). All variables were significantly correlated within a 95% confidence interval (positive correlation), while primary variables showed insignificant correlation (GIVE A NUMBER INSTEAD OF SAYING AVERAGE LIKE CORRELATION OF 0.5?). AMOS software was used for structural equation modeling to explain the impact of independent variables on dependent variables and associated changes. Results indicate that cognitive social capital has the greatest contribution to changes in QOL.
Keywords: Cognitive Social Capital, Normative Social Capital, Objective Quality of Life, Structural Social Capital, Subjective Quality of Life.
Introduction
The evaluation of the quality of life (QOL) is typically conducted considering two aspects: a set of objective conditions, as well as mental well-being, which was often overlooked in the past. Social capital, through the establishment of a network of connections between individuals and society, provides a range of resources and capabilities that can enhance collective life. However, weaknesses and inadequacies in social capital, manifested as poor quality of collective relations, have hindered the development of necessary platforms in certain areas. This issue has serious implications for the QOL in these areas.
The unique communication situation in Kermanshah has impacted social relations due to interventions and changes in the city's urban area. In addition to physical alterations, transit axes in the old part of the city have disrupted the continuous texture of the old neighborhood, thereby reducing the QOL. Population density has also increased due to migration and birth, leading to disintegration in the urban area and marginal villages, resulting in spatial and cultural changes. Demographic imbalance, lack of physical cohesion, unemployment, poverty, addiction, severe shortages of municipal services, and inappropriate economic structures are evident in many neighborhoods across the city.
Inadequacies in the social, economic, and cultural aspects of Kermanshah have led to an unbalanced set of levels of QOL and forms of communication. The differences in QOL in urban areas in Kermanshah and the lack of comprehensive research in this area, especially with regards to the neglect of social capital as a social dimension related to the state of QOL, have driven us to investigate the concepts of social capital, including structural, cognitive, normative dimensions, and QOL, including objective and subjective dimensions in regions 1, 2, and 4 in the city of Kermanshah.
Literature Review
Social capital refers to the collection of both tangible and intangible resources that arise from enduring networks of institutionalized relationships, mutual recognition, and familiarity. These networks, formed on the basis of shared values and norms, foster social trust and constitute a form of property that members can use as capital.
The self-reinforcing nature of civil partnership norms, which are built on resources such as networks, norms, and trust, promotes cooperation, mutual trust, and social welfare in civil societies. Conversely, in non-civil societies lacking such resources, covenant-breaking, exploitation, mistrust, isolation, and stagnation are more prevalent. Accessing and utilizing hidden social resources within networks can lead to improved social, cultural, and economic circumstances, which ultimately impact both the objective and subjective aspects of QOL.
In essence, true QOL cannot exist independently of relations, relationships, and common social ties and interdependence. These factors provide personal and economic security through protection of citizenship, compliance with laws, and cooperation for the sake of common interests. Social capital provides material facilities that generally enhance the objective aspect of QOL by increasing possessions and resources. However, being part of social networks and experiencing their transformational effects can also improve the mental dimension of QOL. Therefore, it can be concluded that social capital can directly influence an individual's QOL through the resources obtained from effective and powerful social networks or indirectly through its transformation into other essential components of life.
Methodology
The research was conducted by administering questionnaires to citizens over the age of 15 in Kermanshah, utilizing a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The sample size of 384 people was estimated using Cochran's sampling formula for an unlimited population. To gather data, a researcher-designed questionnaire was employed during field investigations. The reliability of the measurement tool was determined utilizing Cronbach's alpha coefficient which yielded a value greater than 0.75 for both independent and dependent variables. Face content validity was utilized to assess the validity of the measurement tool. To examine the research hypotheses, Pearson's correlation coefficient test was run using SPSS software package, while AMOS was used to analyze factor loadings and establish causal relationships between independent and dependent variables, ultimately leading to the development of a model.
Results
In the inferential findings section, results from the Pearson correlation test revealed a positive and significant correlation between social capital and QOL, including their respective dimensions. Notably, social capital demonstrated a stronger relationship with the subjective dimension of QOL. Among the various dimensions of social capital, the cognitive dimension displayed the strongest association with QOL. Overall, the positive correlation observed between social capital and QOL suggests that an increase in social capital can potentially enhance the QOL for residents. Further examination controlling for the variables of education and residence demonstrated that they do not play a role in the relationship between social capital and QOL.
In the confirmatory factor analysis, the structural dimension of social capital had the most significant impact on defining the social capital variable, while the subjective dimension of QOL played the largest role in defining the QOL variable. All factors exhibited suitable factor loads, confirming their relationship with the current variable. The analysis of structural equations revealed that the dimensions of social capital have predictive power over QOL.
Networks that are formed around shared values and norms can bolster social trust and serve as valuable social capital. By having access to these social resources, individuals may experience improved social and economic circumstances, leading to greater satisfaction and overall well-being. A person's social position is intricately linked to their social capital; the more social capital they possess, the higher their position. Membership in networks allows for the distribution of resources, materials, and symbolic benefits, improving people's status. Improving the QOL depends on social relations and interdependence, distributive justice, citizenship protection, and human rights. Social capital leads to enhanced QOL, skills, success, freedom, basic capabilities, general satisfaction, and personal relationships. As a transformative characteristic, social capital can manifest itself in various forms and functions.
Urban and Regional Development Planning
Marjan Golipour; Pouyan Shahabian; Behnaz Aminzadeh Goharrizi
Abstract
The recent developments and the speed of construction in cities and the subsequent disorder in the appearance of urban spaces require a more careful look at the issue of the urban landscape and at a smaller level the issue of the urban landscape.In order to provide solutions for improving the quality ...
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The recent developments and the speed of construction in cities and the subsequent disorder in the appearance of urban spaces require a more careful look at the issue of the urban landscape and at a smaller level the issue of the urban landscape.In order to provide solutions for improving the quality of facades of residential buildings, Tehran city was chosen due to the experience of forming facade committees in the last decade in the municipal structure. According to the level of effectiveness and performance, the effective actors were classified into two categories: urban management (decision-making, decision-making, and executive) and inclusive stakeholders (land, design, construction, public). Research data were identified, coded and analyzed using qualitative content analysis method with inductive approach and semi-structured in-depth interviews with influential people (urban management category). Therefore, the axes hidden in the text, the emphasized topics, the most used terms, the causes, the contexts and the current conditions of facade management and its improvement solutions were obtained from each of the interviews and by showing the hidden systems and recurring patterns. Conceptual models and maps were created.The analysis of the results determined the factors affecting the appearance of residential buildings in the order of importance including "documentary", "management and legal", "social", "design (designers)", "technology", "theoretical", "economic" and "executive". and the solutions for improving facade quality include a hierarchical structure with the aim of providing key information to effective groups (actors) and based on a broad perspective of criteria.
