Strategic Planning Based on Ecological Wisdom for Development of Urban Underground Spaces with Livability Approach  (Case Study: Desert City of Yazd)

Radaei, Mahjabin; Salehi, Esmaeil; Faryadi, Shahrzad

doi:10.22054/urdp.2020.46204.1151

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Ph.D. Candidate of Environmental Planning, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² Associate Professor of Urban Planning, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22054/urdp.2020.46204.1151

Abstract

Urban landscape can have potential in creating dynamic and livable communities when it interacts optimally with its ecological context. Underground or subsurface spaces of desert cities can be considered as a kind of spaces based on ecological wisdom that reflects socio-ecological perception and creates a cultural commitment of individuals to the correct interaction of natural environment and artificial environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the role of underground spaces in promoting the livability of desert cities and to emphasize planning based on ecological wisdom to create urban spaces compatible with the ecological context. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, based on the qualitative method and logical reasoning. To evaluate the effect of underground space functions on the livability criteria of desert cities, T-test and SPSS statistical analysis were used, and to strategically analyze underground spaces, SWOT technique and AHP hierarchical analysis were used and finally, adaptive, defensive, offensive, and contingency strategies were presented. The results indicate that the regeneration of the principles of ecological wisdom in the process of strategic planning of the subsurface spaces development requires a kind of participatory and communication planning between members of society on the one hand and also society and nature on the other hand. Such regeneration can pave the way for the sustainability, resilience, and livability of urban ecosystems.

Keywords

20.1001.1.24765864.1397.3.6.2.4

References

- قبادیان، وحید. (1389). بررسی اقلیمی ابنیه سنتی ایران، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، چاپ ششم.

- Admiraal, H., & Cornaro, A. (2018). Future cities–resilient cities. In Underground Spaces Unveiled: Planning and creating the cities of the future (pp. 115-127): ICE Publishing.

- Bobylev, N. (2009). "Mainstreaming sustainable development into a city's Master plan: A case of Urban Underground Space use." Land Use Policy, 26(4), 1128-1137.

- Bray, P. (2010). Community Character and Heritage, Livable New York Resource Manual. New YorkState Office for the Ageing, AlbanyNY.

- Braithwaite, P. (2007). "Improving company performance through sustainability assessment." Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Eng. Sustain, 160 (2), 95–103.

- Broere, W. (2016). "Urban underground space: Solving the problems of today’s cities." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 55, 245-248.

- Carmody, J., & Sterling, R. (1993). Underground space design: A guide to subsurface utilization and design for people in underground space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

- Childers, D. L., Pickett, S.T. A., & Grove, J. M. (2014). "Advancing urban sustainability theory and action: Challenges and opportunities." Landsc. Urban Plan, 125, 320–328.

- Cui, J., Allan, A., Taylor, M., & Lin, D. (2013). "Underground pedestrian systems development in cities: influencing factors and implications." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 35, 152–160.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2012.12.009, ISSN 0886-7798.

- Evans, P.B. (2002). Livable Cities? Urban Struggles for Livelihood and Sustainability. second ed.University of California Press Ltd., California, USA.

- Golany, G.S., & Ojima, T. (1996). Geo-space urban design: John Wiley & Sons.

- Gong, P., Liang, S., & Carlton, E.J. (2012). "Urbanisation and health in China." Lancet, 379, 843–852.

- Gordad, J.P. (2004). Urban underground space and benefits of goingunderground. World tunneling congress 2004 and 30 th ITA assembly, 1-9.

- Gortz-Reaves, K. (2010). Eco revelatory designe: a modelfor landscape architecture to resolve, reveal, and educate inthe lower Fountain Creek corridor. Unpublished Master thesis, Denver: University of Colorado Denver.

- Higgins, P., & Campanera, J.M. (2011). "(Sustainable) quality of life in English city locations." Cities, 28 (4), 290–299.

- Hom Haacke, L. (2001). Using SWOT for Project Planning Sessions. PN.3 Hughes. A. Tourism as sustainable Industry in the Rural Community of Arising, West Scotland, MSc Thesis, NapierUniversity.

- Hunt, D.V.L., Lombardi, D.R., Rogers, C.D.F., & Jefferson, I. (2008). "Application of sustainability indicators in decision-making processes for urban regeneration projects." Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Eng. Sustain, 161(1), 77–91.

- Jefferson, I., Rogers, C., & Hunt, D. (2006). Achieving sustainable underground construction in Birmingham Eastside. In: Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment (IAEG). Nottingham, UK.

- Kishii, T. (2016). "Utilization of underground space in Japan." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 55, 320–323.

- Li, K., and Lin, B. (2016). "Impact of energy conservation policies on the green productivity in China’s manufacturing sector: Evidence from a three-stage DEA model." Appl. Energy, 168, 351–363.

- Maes, J., & Jacobs, S. (2017). "Nature-Based Solutions for Europe’s Sustainable Development." Conserv. Lett, 10, 121–124.

- McPhearson, T., Pickett, S. T. A., Grimm, N. B., Niemelä, J., Alberti, M., Elmqvist, T., … Qureshi, S. (2016),. "Advancing Urban Ecology toward a Science of Cities." BioScience, 66(3), 198-212.

- Mulligan, G.F., & Carruthers, J.I. (2011). "Amenities, quality of life, and regional development." nvestigating Qual. Urban Life, 45, 107–133.

- Nassauer, J. (2012). "Landscape as medium and method for synthesis in urban ecological design." Landscape and Urban Planning, 106, 221-229.

- Nilsson, M. (2004). "Research and advice on strategic environmental assessment."Stockholm Environment in Stitute Publications.

- Parriaux, A., Tacher, L., Kaufmann, V., and Blunier, P. (2006). "Underground resources and sustainable development in urban areas." IAEG 2006 Engineering geology for tomorrow’s cities. Nottingham.

- Parriaux, A., Blunier, P., Maire, P., & Tacher, L. (2007). "The DEEPCITY project: a global concept for a sustainable urban underground management." In: Paper Presented at the 11th ACUUS International Conference, Underground Space: Expanding the Frontiers.

- Patten, D.T. (2016). "The role of ecological wisdom in managing for sustainable interdependent urban and natural ecosystems." Landsc. Urban Plan, 155, 3–10.

- Qian, Q.H. (2016). "Present state, problems and development trends of urban underground space in China". Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 55, 280–289.

- 100 Resilient Cities. (2018). "What is urban resilience?" https://www. 100resilientcities. org/ resources/. Accessed 28/7/2018.

- Roberts, Don V. (1996). "Sustainable development and the use of underground space." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 11(4), 383-390.

- Rogers, C.D.F. (2009). "Substructures, underground space and sustainable urban environments." Geol. Soc., London, Eng. Geol. Spec. Publ, 22 (1), 177–188.

- Rogers, C.D.F., Lombardi, D.R., Leach, J.M., & Cooper, R.F.D. (2012b). "The urban futures methodology applied to urban regeneration." Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Eng. Sustain, 165 (1), 5–20.

- Simpson, B., & Tatsuoka, F. (2008). "Geotechnics: the next 60 years." Geotechnique, 58 (5), 357–368.

- Sterling, R. L. (1996). "Going under to stay on top, revisited: results of a colloquium on underground space utilization." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 11(3), 263-270.

- Sterling, R., Admiraal, H., Bobylev, N., Parker, H., Godard, J.P., Vähäaho, I., Rogers, C.D.F., Shi, X., & Hanamura, T. (2012). "Sustainability issues for underground space in urban areas." Proc. ICE – Urban. Des. Plan, 165(4), 241–254. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1680/udap.10.00020 (14).

- Sterling, R, & Nelson, P. (2013). City resilience and underground space use. In Cai Zhou, & Sterling (Eds.), Advances in Underground Space Development. Singapore: The Society for Rock Mechanics & Engineering Geology.

- Van der Ryn, S., and Cowan, S. (2007). Ecological Design (10th ed.). WashingtonDC: Island press.

- Xiang, W. N. (2016)."Ecophronesis: The ecological practical wisdom for and from ecological practice." Landsc. Urban Plan, 155, 53–60.

- Xiang, W. N. (2014). "Ecological Wisdom for Urban Sustainability: Doing real and permanent good in ecological practice." Landscape and Urban Planning, 121, 65–69.

- Zanetell, B. A, & Knuth, B. A. (2002). "Knowledge partnerships: Rapid rural appraisal’s role in catalyzing community-based management in Venezuela." Society and Natural Resources, 15(9), 805–825.

- Zheng, S., Han, B., Wang, D., Ouyang, Z., others (2018). "Ecological Wisdom and Inspiration Underlying the Planning and Construction of Ancient Human Settlements: Case Study of Hongcun UNESCO World Heritage Site in China." Sustainability, 10(5), 1–19.

Zhou, Y, & Zhao, J. (2016). "Assessment and planning of underground space use in Singapore." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 55

- , 249–256.

Quarterly Journals of Urban and Regional Development Planning

Strategic Planning Based on Ecological Wisdom for Development of Urban Underground Spaces with Livability Approach (Case Study: Desert City of Yazd)

References

References

Volume 3, Issue 6 - Serial Number 6
December 2020
Pages 43-80

Strategic Planning Based on Ecological Wisdom for Development of Urban Underground Spaces with Livability Approach (Case Study: Desert City of Yazd)

References

References

Volume 3, Issue 6 - Serial Number 6December 2020Pages 43-80

Volume 3, Issue 6 - Serial Number 6
December 2020
Pages 43-80