Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Associate Professor of Urban Designو University of Artو Tehran, Iran
2 MA of Urban Design, University of Tehran, College of Fine ArtsTehran, Iran
Abstract
In many cases, urban plans in cities are considered regardless of the wishes of the residents and the context and only in order to make more profit. Meanwhile, in the city of Tehran, in some cases, construction companies have gone so far as to make a profit, so that many commercial complexes have been built by changing the use of green space to this use. In the present study, an attempt was made to construct a commercial complex instead of a park and a playground in a sample of Tehran neighborhoods (Ajodaniyeh neighborhood) and the conditions that have been created for the residents, taking advantage of the citizens' point of view and according to the concept of the right to the city. Using deductive thematic analysis and analyzing in-depth interviews (18 interviews), this study aims to examine the views of residents from the perspective of their violated rights. The main categories that residents want to be categorized based on the idea of the right to the city include the right to movement and access, the right to public space, the right to access public services, the right to access green space, the right to security, and residents claim the right to participate in the management of their neighborhood.
Keywords
- اطهاری، کمال. (1393)، شهروندی یا شهربندی: درآمدی بر مفهوم حق بر شهر، نشست «تکرار زیرگذر عابرپیاده چهارراه ولی‌عصر»، مجمـع حق بر شهر باهمستان، تهران: ایران.
- ایراندوست، کیومرث و دوستوندی، میلاد. (1394)، «حق به شهر و سکونتگاه‌های فقیرنشین با تأکید بر سکونتگاه‌های خودانگیخته در ایران»، هفت شهر، ویژه‌نامه «حق مشخص به شهر مشخص»، شماره 49 و 50: 184-205.
- برزگر، سپیده و حبیبی، میترا (1399)، «کاوش ضرباهنگ زندگی روزانه در ساماندهی مصرف فضای شهری (مورد پژوهی: پیاده راه شهر رشت)»، دانش شهرسازی ، دوره 4، شماره 1: 49-74.
- پیران، پرویز. (1394)، «سخن آغازین: حق مشخص به شهر مشخص»، هفت شهر، ویژه‌نامه «حق مشخص به شهر مشخص»، شماره 49 و50 :8- 51.
- تقوایی، علی‌اکبر؛ عزیزی، داود؛ یزدانیان، احمد. (1394)، «بررسی نقش نظریه حق به شهر در تولید و بازتولید فضای شهری»، هفت شهر، ویژه‌نامه «حق مشخص به شهر مشخص»، شماره 49 و 50: 88-99.
- رفیعیان، مجتبی و الوندی پور، نینا. (1394)، «مفهوم‌پردازی اندیشه حق به شهر؛ در جست‌وجوی مدلی مفهومی»، مجله جامعه‌شناسی ایران، دوره 16، شماره 2: 25-47.
- حبیبی، سید محسن. (1391)، میزگرد: نظریات هانری لوفور درباره شهر و شهرنشینی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا.
- حبیبی، سید محسن و امیری، مریم. (1394)، «حق به شهر؛ شهر موجود و شهر مطلوب آنچه هست و آنچه باید باشد»، مجله پژوهش‌های انسان‌شناسی ایران، دوره 5، شماره 2: 9-30.
- سعیدی رضوانی، هادی. (1391)، تبیین مفهوم و شاخص شهر عدالت‌محور؛ نمونه ارزیابی شهر تهران، رساله دکتری رشتۀ شهرسازی، دانشکده هنرهای زیبا دانشگاه تهران.
- شریفی، امیر؛ کوزه‌گر کالجی، لطفعلی؛ فنی، زهره و ایراندوست، کیومرث. (1398)، «حق به شهر در سکونتگاه‌های خودانگیخته مطالعه موردی: شهر سنندج، ناحیه منفصل شهری نایسر»، فصلنامه شهر پایدار، دوره 3، شماره 1: 55-69.
- قاسمی، یار محمد؛ هاشمی، علی. (1398)، «انجام پژوهش به روش تحلیل تماتیک: راهنمای عملی و گام‌به‌گام برای یادگیری و آموزش (موردمطالعه: مصرف موسیقی دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه ایلام)»، فصلنامه علمی فرهنگ ایلام، دوره 20، شماره 64 و 65: 7-33.
- کاظمی، کیارش و تفنگچی مهیاری، میلاد. (1396)، جهانی‌شدن و تأثیر آن بر حق به شهر، مدیریت شهری و روستایی، دوره 16، شماره 46: 60-71.
- Attoh, Kaufi. Abolde. (2011). "What kind of right is the right to the city?" Progress in human geography, 35(5), 669-685.
- Balzarini, John E., and Shlay, Anne B. (2016). "Gentrification and the Right to the City: Community Conflict and Casinos". Journal of Urban Affairs, 38(4), 503-517.
- Braun, Virgina., and Clarke, Victoria. (2006), "Using thematic analysis in psychology", Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101.
- Brenner, Neil J. A. (2001). "State theory in the political conjuncture: Henri Lefebvre’s “Comments on a new state form", Anipode, 33(5), 783-808.
- Butler, Chris. (2012). Henri Lefebvre: Spatial politics, everyday life and the right to the city. London: Routledge.
- City of Mexico City. (2010). Mexico City Charter for the Right to the City. City of Mexico City
- City of Montreal. (2006). Montreal Charter of Rights and Responsibilities. Montreal: City of Montreal.
- Davis, Mike. (1990). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. London: Verso.
- Diaz-Parra, Iban., and Jover, Jorge. (2020). "Overtourism, place alienation and the right to the city: insights from the historic centre of Seville, Spain." Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-18.
- Ellin, Nan. (1999). Postmodern Urbanism. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
- Fernandes, Edesio. (2007). "Constructing theRight to the City'in Brazil." Social & legal studies, 16(2), 201-219.
- Friendly, Abigail. (2013). "The right to the city: theory and practice in Brazil." Planning Theory & Practice, 14(2), 158-179.
- Harvey, David. (1999). The Limits to Capital. London: Verso.
- Harvey, David. (2008). "The right to the city." The City Reader, 6(1), 23-40.
- Harvey, David. (2012). Rebel cities: From the right to the city to the urban revolution. London: Verso books.
- Harvey, David. (2014). Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism. London: Profile books.
- Lveson, Kurt. (2013). " Cities within the city: Do-it-yourself urbanism and the right to the city". International journal of urban and regional research, 37(3), 941-956.
- Kazemi, Kiarash. and Tofangchi Mahyari, Milad. (2017). "Globalization and Its Impact on the Right to the City." Urban Management, 16 (46): 61-70.
- Kitchin, Rob, Cardullo, Paolo, and Di Feliciantonio, Cesare. (2019). Citizenship, justice, and the right to the smart city. In The right to the smart city: Emerald Publishing Limited.
- Lefebvre, Henri. (1968). Le Droit à la ville. Paris: Éditions Anthropos.
- Lefebvre, Henri. (1991 [1974]). The production of Space (D. Nicholson-Smit, 1991, Trans.) In. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Lefebvre, Henri. (1996). Writings on Cities (E. Kofman & E. Lebas, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
- Lefebvre, Henri. (2003 [1990]). From the social pact to the contract of citizenship. In E. L. S. Elden, & E. Kofman (Ed.), Key writings (238-254). New York: Continuum.
- Kuymulu, Mehmet Bariş (2013). "Reclaiming the right to the city: Reflections on the urban uprisings in Turkey." City, 17:3, 274-278
- Lefebvre, Henri. (2009). State, space, world: Selected essays (N. B. G. Moore, & S. Elden, Trans. N. B. S. Elden Ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Madanipour, Ali. (1996). Design of urban space: An inquiry into a socio-spatial process. New York: Wiley Chichester.
- Maguire, Moria., and Delahunt, Brid. (2017). "Doing a Thematic Analysis: A Practical, Step-by-Step Guide for Learning and Teaching Scholars." AISHE-J, 8 )3(, 3351-3364.
- Marcuse, Peter. (2009). "From critical urban theory to the right to the city." City, 13(2-3), 185-197.
- Marcuse, Peter. (2010). "Rights in Cities and the Right to the City?" Cities for All, 87-98.
- Mayer, Margit. (2009). "The ‘Right to the City’in the context of shifting mottos of urban social movements." City, 13(2-3), 362-374.
- Middleton, Jennie. (2018). "The socialities of everyday urban walking and the ‘right to the city’." Urban studies, 55(2), 296-315.
- Mitchell, Don. (2003). The right to the city: Social justice and the fight for public space. New York: Guilford press.
- Pierce, Joseph., Williams, Oilvia R., and Martin, Deborah G. (2016). "Rights in places: An analytical extension of the right to the city." Geoforum, 70, 79-88.
- Purcell, Mark. (2002). "Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant." GeoJournal, 58(2-3), 99-108.
- Purcell, Mark. (2014). "Possible worlds: Henri Lefebvre and the right to the city." Journal of Urban Affairs, 36(1), 141-154.
- Shaw, Joe., and Graham, Mark. (2017). "An informational right to the city? Code, content, control, and the urbanization of information." Antipode, 49(4), 907-927.
- Shields, Rob. (1999). Lefebvre, love, and struggle: Spatial dialectics. London: Psychology Press.
- Simone, AbdouMaliq. (2005). "The right to the city, Intervention." International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, 7(3), 321-325.
- Smith, Neil. (1982). "Gentrification and uneven development." Economic geography, 58(2), 139-155.
- Smith, Neil. (1996). The new urban frontier: Gentrification and the revanchist city. London: Psychology Press.
- Tayebi, Ali. (2013). "Planning activism: using social media to claim marginalized citizens’ right to the city." Cities, 32, 88-93.
- UN-HABITAT. (2010). The right to the city: Bridging the urban divide. Rio de Janeiro: World Urban Forum, United Nations.
- UNESCO. (2006). International public debates: Urban policies and the right to the city. Paris: UNESCO
- URL. Retrieved from http://itiss.ir
- Van Deusen, Richard. (2002). "Public space design as class warfare: Urban design, theright to the city'and the production of Clinton Square." Syracuse, NY. 58(2-3), 149-158.
)