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Explaining the Factors Influencing the Sense of Belonging to Urban Third Places: A Case Study of Eynali Recreational Area, Tabriz

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)

2 M.Sc. in Urban planning, Urban planning Department, Seraj Higher Education Institute, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Urban third places are social environments beyond home and workplace that play a significant role in enhancing social interaction, place identity, and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the sense of belonging to third places, using the Einali recreational area in Tabriz as a case study. The research employed a descriptive-analytical method with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale from a random sample of 384 visitors, of which 355 valid responses were analyzed. Key variables included place attachment, participation in activities, and user loyalty. Instrument reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.928. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between the sense of belonging to urban third places and the research variables. Significant differences were also observed in component scores based on visitation patterns and education levels. Structural equation modeling showed that place attachment indirectly strengthens user loyalty through social bonding and participation in activities. The model explained a substantial portion of the variance in the dependent variables. The results underscore the importance of addressing identity, social, and behavioral dimensions simultaneously to foster a stronger sense of belonging to third places

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References
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Quarterly Journals of Urban and Regional Development Planning
Volume 10, Issue 35 - Serial Number 35
January 2026
Pages 181-208
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