Somayeh Zandieh; Mozafar Sarrafi
Abstract
Public interest has always been a controversial concept in spatial planning theories. The controversies over the concept imply a critical disagreement on what public interest is and if it exists at all. These have led to the development of multiple theories, challenging the legitimacy of planning. This ...
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Public interest has always been a controversial concept in spatial planning theories. The controversies over the concept imply a critical disagreement on what public interest is and if it exists at all. These have led to the development of multiple theories, challenging the legitimacy of planning. This article emphasizes the importance of addressing the question of public interest. However, it has not aimed to find an ultimate answer to the question; rather, it has focused on understanding the nature of the disagreements on this concept through the formulation of the different responses to this question. Accordingly, it has put its finger on the various ontological perspectives on the relation between the social and the individual by applying the meta-synthesis method and aimed to understand the trace of these perspectives on the conceptualization of public interest in the twelve most influential traditions on planning theory and practice. The article indicates the dominance of four approaches to the public interest in spatial planning, including individualism, universalism, pluralism, and critical tradition. In terms of these approaches, the article has addressed three questions: what is the nature of the relation between the social and the individual; what does constitute the public interest; and how does the so-called public interest actualize, especially in spatial planning?
Gholamreza Kazemian; Jamshid Akbari
Abstract
The change in spatial development patterns from agriculture life into industry and then, service sector, and in response, changes in spatial paradigms of settlement and development, has led to concentration of population and resources of development in cities and mega cities. This concentration is followed ...
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The change in spatial development patterns from agriculture life into industry and then, service sector, and in response, changes in spatial paradigms of settlement and development, has led to concentration of population and resources of development in cities and mega cities. This concentration is followed by contradictions and conflicts in interests and behavior which can be a contextual preparation for crime along with making improvement in higher degrees of quality in life, especially when physical development of city lacks a comprehensive spatial planning. Thus, this research aimed to study crime patterns and its spatial analysis in urban and peri-urban areas and their application urban planning. On a descriptive-analytical approach and by applying meta-synthesis, it investigates prior research articles on related domain. Results show that factors such as population density and social ecology can prepare opportunities for crime, but different communities respond to such opportunities in different patterns. Comparing results within Iranian cities to other global locations made it clear that the research on patterns of crimes in Iranian cities is distinct from foreign countries’ cities both in terms of form and content. The results and conclusions of this article can be used by urban planners and managers in formulation and implementation of spatial plans and policies especially for high-risk areas.
Khashayar Khavarian; Malihe Ghorbani; Fatemeh Kazemi; Mina Mirmasoumi; Shahabodin Kermanshahi
Abstract
With the spread of COVID-19 in the world, various measures were applied to reduce the number of fatalities. Reducing daily travel and avoiding crowded places were two important advices to limit the spread which decreased transit use. By shifting some work trips from transit and encouraging residents ...
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With the spread of COVID-19 in the world, various measures were applied to reduce the number of fatalities. Reducing daily travel and avoiding crowded places were two important advices to limit the spread which decreased transit use. By shifting some work trips from transit and encouraging residents to use other modes, it is feared that the process of returning passengers to the transit will be slow. In the long term, this backwardness reduces investment in public transportation and share of this system from urban mobility. Ticket transaction information shows that a significant share of the former demand for transit has not returned to it even with decrease in number of infections. This study explores the shift in people's work travel habits following the epidemy of COVID-19 using an online questionnaire. Examining the results of a sample size of 1050 reveals that the proportion of business trips made by public transportation has been reduced to less than half. This decrease is almost the same between men and women and among different categories of education, but it is various in different age groups.
Mohammad Ali Jalalinasab; Hosein Zabihi; Mahyar Ardeshiri
Abstract
Urban planning regulations are the main government’s tools to directing cities in the desired path of development. In Iran, the main part of these regulations are scattered regulations related to urban comprehensive and detailed plans or "Particular Urban Planning Regulations". The lack of a framework ...
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Urban planning regulations are the main government’s tools to directing cities in the desired path of development. In Iran, the main part of these regulations are scattered regulations related to urban comprehensive and detailed plans or "Particular Urban Planning Regulations". The lack of a framework for control, evaluating and guiding these regulations in a logical way, causes inadvertent errors or misuse of these regulations and it moves the cities away from the development goals. The purpose of this study is to explain the idea of "National Urban Planning Regulations" as an upstream and multi-layered framework that can solve this defect. The content of these "General urban planning regulations" will be general, guiding and is based on value engineering. In this research, through the method of analysis and recombination of components and in the context of logical reasoning, while exploring the conceptual roots of "National Urban Planning Regulations", requirements for defining the conceptual framework of these regulations are introduced. The results show that four layers including value system - value considerations, national-social considerations, legal considerations and urban planning-technical considerations are the pillars of these regulations and each layer has multiple axes when drafting these regulations.
Asghar Molaei; Hamid Ghaffari
Abstract
Every urban development project that is implemented, regardless of its subject, will have effects and consequences. Since these projects are implemented in the context of Iranian-Islamic cities, the rules and norms related to the culture of these cities must be observed in the implementation of these ...
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Every urban development project that is implemented, regardless of its subject, will have effects and consequences. Since these projects are implemented in the context of Iranian-Islamic cities, the rules and norms related to the culture of these cities must be observed in the implementation of these projects. One of the most important norms of Iranian-Islamic cities is to consider Islamic rules and ethics and citizenship rights in urban development projects. These principals are hardly considered in urban projects. In this regard, this research aims to study the position of Islamic rules and ethics and citizenship rights in urban development projects. The method adopted in the present study is descriptive-analytical, and in order to formulate the conceptual framework of the research, the method of content analysis of texts and logical reasoning has been used. Also, in this research, the Atigh project of Tabriz city, which is one of the largest projects for the renovation of worn-out tissues in the country, has been selected as the case study. The statistical population of the research also consists of residents, merchants, passers-by and users of the Atigh project. Findings show that the Atigh project of Tabriz city is at a low level in terms of compliance with the rules of jurisprudence, Islamic ethics and civil rights and has not been able to respond to the examples of these three dimensions. The results of this study can help urban management organizations to define projects based on maximum citizen satisfaction and ultimately the success of urban projects.
Shilan Heydarmanesh; Hamid Saberi; Mehri Azani; Amir Gandomkar
Abstract
The reduction of urban poverty in Abadan city will not be realized without the approach of empowerment and recognition of opportunities and threats of this path in the future. The purpose of this research is to identify the strategic drivers for basic planning to empower the poor residents of the inefficient ...
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The reduction of urban poverty in Abadan city will not be realized without the approach of empowerment and recognition of opportunities and threats of this path in the future. The purpose of this research is to identify the strategic drivers for basic planning to empower the poor residents of the inefficient oil fields of Shahr Abadan in 2041. The research method is strategic foresight. The techniques and software used are: environmental survey, analysis Cross effects, expert opinions, Micmac software. The variables in economic and social factors sectors have had the greatest impact on the formation system of poverty empowerment in the depressed areas of Abadan city, and the physical and managerial dimensions have had the least impact. Strategic drivers include improving the human capital of the poor, formulating national strategies to reduce urban poverty, institutionalizing social participation, reducing inflation, reducing corruption, government investment in poverty reduction, and investment in housing.
