نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در جوامع امروزی عواملی مانند صنعتی شدن، توسعه تکنولوژی، گسترش اقتصاد، سرمایه‌گذاری و توسعه ارتباطات چارچوب نمادین زندگی افراد را دگرگون کرده‌اند. در چنین شرایطی افراد به هویت نیاز دارند، از طریق هویت می‌توان پیچیدگی و سرعت تغییرات اجتماعی را کاست و به انسان توانایی این را بخشید که نظمی نسبی در زندگی خود و اطرافیان ایجاد کند. در این پژوهش محقق طراحی مدلی درصدد متشکل از دگردیسی هویت اجتماعی عوامل مؤثر بر زنان و کشف روابط ساختاری همچنین میان آن عوامل با استفاده از مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری روش فراگیر است. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع - تحلیلی است، جامعه موردمطالعه تحقیق، خبرگان دانشگاهی هستند. بر این اساس، 24 نفر هیئت‌علمی، فارغ‌التحصیلان دکترا و دانشجویان دکترا در رشته جامعه‌شناسی و روانشناسی به‌صورت هدفمند قضاوتی انتخاب شدند. مدل طراحی‌شده حاوی 11 عامل آگاهی زنان از موقعیت خود در جامعه، هویت‌های متضاد، گرایش به برابری زن و مرد، گرایش به زندگی فردی، دانشگاه‌ها و مراکز آموزش عالی، رواج باورهای کلیشه‌ای، دشواری هماهنگی نقش‌های سنتی با جدید، فضاهای دوستی، دگرگونی نسلی، بازاندیشی در هویت، مدرنیته، عدم انسجام هویت هستند. از میان گروه موانع موردبررسی، دشواری هماهنگی نقش‌ها سنتی با جدید، بازاندیشی در هویت فرهنگی، رواج کلیشه‌ای جنسیتی، هویت‌های متعارض به‌عنوان عامل روبنایی شکل‌گیری دگردیسی هویت اجتماعی مردان شکل داده شده است که به ایجاد آگاهی زنان از موقعیت خود در جامعه، گرایش به برابری زن و مرد، دانشگاه‌ها و مراکز آموزش عالی، عدم انسجام هویت، مدرنیته، فضای دوستی در ساختار مزبور منجر می‌شود. درنهایت دگرگونی نسلی پیامد نهایی آن خواهد بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Meta-Analysis: The Relationship between Housing Planning and Urban Development Plans in Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammadhosein Sharifzadegan 1
- Mohammadreza Rostami 2
1 Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture and urban planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture and urban planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
The legal framework governing interventions in the provision of suitable housing in the cities of Iran is rooted in development plans, which, at various scales (national to local), are expected to systematically and integratively incorporate policies for ensuring adequate housing. These plans, underpinned by the rule of law, are intended to guarantee the execution of housing policies. This study employs a narrative review with a critical lens to explore the nature and extent of the relationship between housing planning, policymaking, and development plans in research conducted on Iranian cities. An analysis of 27 selected scholarly articles reveals several critical findings. First, there is a limited understanding of the concept of suitable housing within the reviewed research. Second, the methodologies employed are predominantly quantitative, relying on technocratic perspectives, which fail to capture the multifaceted realities of housing conditions. Third, an overwhelming focus on metropolitan areas—particularly Tehran—and a restricted temporal scope confined to the past decade highlight a neglect of other spatial and temporal dimensions across the country. Lastly, the studies exhibit a lack of attention to macro-structural factors, particularly those related to the political economy of space, which significantly influence housing provision and policy.
Keywords: Housing, housing planning and policy, urban and regional development plans.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Housing, as a spatial manifestation of the specific interests and capabilities of each household, evolves over time through interactions with socio-cultural, economic, and environmental conditions. It extends beyond mere shelter, representing a subsystem within the broader urban system with a multidimensional spatial character. While the provision of adequate housing involves numerous factors, many of which lie outside the scope of urban and regional planning, planning strategies and systems play a crucial role in offering solutions to address housing challenges. Given this context, it is imperative to incorporate housing considerations into the formulation of urban and regional development plans. These plans serve as legal frameworks capable of guiding cities toward enhanced efficiency, resilience, and improved quality of life for their inhabitants. This study aims to systematically analyze the body of scientific research conducted on the interplay between housing and urban and regional development plans. By examining these studies through the dimensions of time, space, methodology, and outcomes, the research seeks to provide a comprehensive and reliable understanding of the field.
Literature Review
Aligned with the objectives of Habitat III, UN-Habitat has intensified its efforts to restore housing's central role in achieving a sustainable urban future. To this end, the "Housing at the Center" approach has been proposed, prioritizing housing as a pivotal element in national and local urban planning frameworks. This approach shifts the focus from merely constructing housing units to adopting a comprehensive framework for housing development. It emphasizes coordination with urban planning and places human rights and people's well-being at the core of sustainable urban development. The pursuit of sustainable housing, encompassing environmental, social, cultural, and economic dimensions across national, regional, and local scales, is spatially articulated through urban development plans and materialized in the urban fabric. Consequently, the relationship between urban development plans and the integration of housing policies within them is critically important across all spatial scales—national, regional, and local. Achieving sustainable housing necessitates the adoption of integrated policies embedded within urban development plans to ensure the realization of these objectives. At the national level, land development plans and regional development strategies must allocate and distribute resources based on the relative advantages of regions, facilitating the movement of capital and labor. At regional and urban scales, policies addressing land use, the spatial distribution of public and service-oriented functions, and development drivers—aligned with access networks and building regulations—play a vital role in advancing sustainable housing. These policy frameworks are comprehensively addressed within the context of regional and urban development plans.
Methodology
In this study, consistent with the research objectives and to address the research questions, a qualitative research strategy was adopted, employing the narrative analysis method to critically examine and analyze the content of selected articles. A key stage in the narrative review process involves the meticulous selection and screening of articles and studies, aligned with the research objectives. For article selection, only those published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were considered, with no specific time constraints imposed on the publication dates. Following this rigorous screening process, 27 articles were identified, focusing thematically on development plans and their relationship with housing planning. Subsequent to the identification of relevant studies, which was accomplished through a systematic review of available sources, a textual data analysis method—coding—was employed. This approach involved systematically summarizing the analyzed data to extract and distill the primary concepts and themes related to the research topic.
Conclusion
The review and analysis of the selected articles reveal that the issues requiring discussion and examination can be categorized into four conceptual sections: methodology and measurement approaches, spatial-temporal dimensions, thematic frameworks, and planning strategies. It is important to note that these categories often overlap conceptually; their separation is intended solely to facilitate a more nuanced understanding of the subject from multiple perspectives. Most of the research reviewed approaches housing with a predominantly physical perspective, equating it with a one-to-one correspondence between households and residential units. This narrow definition overlooks the broader, multifaceted nature of housing. To address this limitation, it is essential to consider housing in its wider context and propose recommendations that transcend mere physicality—an aspect largely neglected in current urban development plans. The majority of studies focus exclusively on metropolises, particularly Tehran, while failing to adequately investigate housing issues in small and medium-sized cities. This oversight is significant, as the root of Tehran's housing crisis can be traced to the population collapse in smaller cities over a relatively short period. Many individuals migrated from smaller cities to larger urban centers, particularly Tehran, driven by the aspiration for better living standards and economic opportunities. To mitigate these challenges, it is imperative to prioritize development policies that focus on land preparation and the equitable distribution of resources and services. Such policies, coupled with efforts to enhance the environmental sustainability of regions, could reduce the migration of households to major cities and the capital. From a thematic and planning perspective, it is recommended to clearly define the role of housing within development plans, outlining the obligations and objectives of each plan at various spatial scales. A systematic and hierarchical framework for housing responsibilities should be established. Furthermore, adopting a comprehensive and integrated approach within development plans would facilitate the consideration of housing as an interconnected element of political, economic, cultural, and social systems, thereby avoiding fragmented and isolated solutions.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Housing
- housing planning and policy
- urban and regional development plans.
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